Orchid seeds have great morphological variations that imply the phylogenetic relationship of the species depending on the biodiversity of the family or act as an adaptation to seed dispersal mechanisms depending on the life form. This study aims to both describe and analyse the qualitative and quantitative traits of 12 Turkish orchids representing epidendroids and orchidoids in detail to investigate which properties are diagnostic among these taxa and also reveal if seed properties are differentiated in relationship to the ecological preferences of the studied species. Both qualitative and quantitative features were determined, and measurements were obtained using light and scanning electron microscopy. We applied the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis and canonical discriminant analysis to the qualitative and quantitative traits. Furthermore, we analyzed the same orchid seed in correlation with ecological traits such as habitats and the elevation preferences of species. This study confirmed the usefulness of both data sets for effectively assessing the variation of orchid seeds. Although the seed characters such as the cell shape differences in the chalazal or medial region, seed sizes, cell numbers on the longitudinal axis, and periclinal wall ornamentation are taxonomically conserved, some other characteristics such as seed shape, the absence of periclinal wall ornamentation, and larger embryo size imply ecological adaptation or developmental achievement for germination. This study confirms the diagnostic value of both qualitative and quantitative seed features, which are effective in explaining the orchid seed variety.

中文翻译：

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一些土耳其兰花（兰花科）的种子形态测定和超微结构研究

兰花种子具有很大的形态变异，这意味着该物种的系统发育关系取决于家庭的生物多样性，或者作为对取决于生命形式的种子传播机制的适应。本研究旨在详细描述和分析代表表皮树突和兰花的 12 种土耳其兰花的定性和定量性状，以调查这些类群中哪些特性具有诊断意义，并揭示种子特性是否与所研究物种的生态偏好有关。 . 确定了定性和定量特征，并使用光学和扫描电子显微镜获得了测量结果。我们将具有算术平均值（UPGMA）聚类分析和典型判别分析的未加权配对组方法应用于定性和数量性状。此外，我们分析了与栖息地和物种海拔偏好等生态特征相关的相同兰花种子。这项研究证实了这两个数据集对于有效评估兰花种子变异的有用性。虽然种子特征，如合点或内侧区域的细胞形状差异、种子大小、纵轴上的细胞数量和周壁装饰在分类学上是保守的，但其他一些特征如种子形状、没有周壁装饰、更大的胚胎大小意味着生态适应或萌发的发育成就。