Efforts to understand and remedy the rejection of science are impeded by lack of insight into how it varies in degree and in kind around the world. The current work investigates science skepticism in 24 countries (N = 5,973). Results show that while some countries stand out as generally high or low in skepticism, predictors of science skepticism are relatively similar across countries. One notable effect was consistent across countries though stronger in Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) nations: General faith in science was predicted by spirituality, suggesting that it, more than religiosity, may be the ‘enemy’ of science acceptance. Climate change skepticism was mainly associated with political conservatism especially in North America. Other findings were observed across WEIRD and non-WEIRD nations: Vaccine skepticism was associated with spirituality and scientific literacy, genetic modification skepticism with scientific literacy, and evolution skepticism with religious orthodoxy. Levels of science skepticism are heterogeneous across countries, but predictors of science skepticism are heterogeneous across domains.

由于缺乏对科学在世界范围内的程度和种类的变化的了解，阻碍了人们理解和纠正对科学的排斥。当前的工作调查了24个国家/地区的科学怀疑论（N= 5,973）。结果表明，尽管有些国家对怀疑论的评价普遍较高或较低，但科学怀疑论的预测指标在各个国家之间相对相似。尽管在西方，受过教育，工业化，富裕和民主（WEIRD）的国家中，这种影响在各个国家之间是一致的，但这种影响更为强烈：人们对科学的普遍信仰是通过灵性来预测的，这表明它比宗教信仰更可能是科学的“敌人”验收。对气候变化的怀疑主义主要与政治保守主义有关，尤其是在北美。在WEIRD和非WEIRD国家中也观察到其他发现：疫苗怀疑主义与灵性和科学素养，基因改造怀疑论与科学素养以及宗教怀疑论与宗教正统有关。等级科学怀疑论在不同国家之间是异质的，但是科学怀疑论的预测因素在各个领域之间是异质的。