The Alps are an important hotspot of species diversity and endemism, as well as a presumed glacial refugium of several species’ groups including land snails. The recent ranges of Alpine endemics are well known, but their fluctuations during the postglacial period mirroring local climate changes are understudied. By analysing five Late Glacial and Holocene mollusc successions from two areas in the southernmost part of the Bohemian Massif (Czech Republic) situated about 100 km north of the Alps, we reveal details of these fluctuations. The Alpine endemic rocky dweller Chilostoma achates had reached the southern part of the Bohemian Massif already in the Late Glacial and disappeared in the Mid-Holocene canopy forest optimum. On the contrary, the northern boundaries of Alpine canopy forest epigeic snails extended further north than today at the turn of the Middle and Late-Holocene, pointing to a more favourable forest microclimate. The earliest known occurrences of several temperate canopy forest central European species, especially Causa holosericea and Discus perspectivus, imply the role of different areas in the Alps as their glacial refugia.

阿尔卑斯山是物种多样性和地方特有的重要热点，也是包括蜗牛在内的几个物种群的推测冰川避难所。高山特有病的最新范围是众所周知的，但对冰川后时期反映当地气候变化的波动情况却没有进行研究。通过分析波希米亚地块（捷克共和国）最南端位于阿尔卑斯山以北约100公里处的两个地区的五个晚冰川和全新世软体动物演替，我们揭示了这些波动的细节。高山特有的岩石居民Chilostoma achates早在冰川末期就已经到达了波西米亚地块的南部，并在全新世中期的冠层林中消失了。相反，在中全新世和晚全新世之交，高山冠层森林野性蜗牛的北部边界比今天更向北延伸，这表明森林小气候更为有利。最早的中温带冠层森林出现在欧洲中部的几个物种，特别是Causa holosericea和Discus perspectivus，暗示了阿尔卑斯山不同地区作为其冰川避难所的作用。