Preemergence (PRE) herbicides are broadcast-applied over the entire top of raised beds prior to plastic mulch installation. Following mulch installation, broadleaves and grasses only emerge from the planting holes. For this reason, the majority of PRE herbicides that are broadcast-applied underneath the plastic mulch are unnecessary for weed control. To reduce off-target herbicide application, we evaluated (1) tomato tolerance to herbicides applied in narrow bands over the planting holes at 2 weeks after transplant (WATP), and (2) tomato tolerance to herbicides that were precisely applied to individual planting holes immediately prior to transplant using a precision herbicide applicator that was previously developed at the University of Florida. Halosulfuron, metribuzin, pendimethalin, and S-metolachlor applied in narrow bands over the planting holes at 2 WATP did not significantly injure tomato, stunt growth, nor reduce yield. However, significant tomato injury (7%) was observed when fomesafen was applied in narrow bands over the planting holes where tomato plants have been transplanted for 2 weeks. Precision application of fomesafen, metribuzin, oxyfluorfen, and S-metolachlor in a carrier volume of 187, 374, or 561 L ha⁻¹ using the precision hole-punch sprayer to the individual planting holes prior to transplant caused minimal early-season tomato injury (≤4%) and did not significantly stunt tomato plant growth or reduce yield. Overall, results demonstrated a safe and effective way to reduce off-target herbicide application in plastic-mulched tomato by applying herbicides in bands over the planting holes after transplant or precisely applying herbicides to individual planting holes prior to transplant using a precision hole-punch applicator.

在安装塑料覆盖物之前，将出苗前（PRE）除草剂撒播在高架床的整个顶部。覆盖覆盖后，阔叶和草只从种植孔中出来。由于这个原因，大多数在塑料覆盖物下方撒播的PRE除草剂对于杂草控制来说是不必要的。为了减少脱靶除草剂的施用，我们评估了（1）番茄对移植后2周时在种植孔上窄带施用的除草剂的耐受性（WATP），以及（2）番茄对精确施用于单个种植孔的除草剂的耐受性移植前立即使用佛罗里达大学开发的精密除草剂施用器。卤代磺隆，甲丁净，二甲戊乐灵和S在2 WATP时，在种植孔上的窄带中施用-异丙甲草胺不会显着损害番茄，特技生长，也不会降低产量。但是，当将芬美满素以窄带施用在已移植番茄植株2周的播种孔上时，观察到了严重的番茄损伤（7％）。Fomesafen，美法津，氧氟芬和S-甲草胺在187、374或561 L ha ^-1的载剂体积中的精密应用在移植前对单个种植孔使用精密打孔喷雾器对番茄造成的早期伤害极小（≤4％），并且不会显着阻碍番茄的生长或降低产量。总体而言，结果表明，通过在移栽后在种植孔上方的带上施用除草剂，或在移栽前使用精密打孔器精确地将除草剂施用到单个种植孔上，可以减少塑料覆盖番茄中脱靶除草剂的安全有效方法。