There are various public policy approaches to addressing passenger vehicle carbon emissions. In this article I review three possible approaches: raising emissions standards; alternative fuel vehicle subsidies; and congestion charging zones. I propose a set of criteria for evaluating these different policies, and apply those criteria to the three policies. I conclude that a combination of increased passenger vehicle emissions standards and subsidies for alternative fuel vehicles represents the best policy approach.

中文翻译：

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放宽汽油：减少乘用车排放的有效公平政策

解决乘用车碳排放有多种公共政策方法。在本文中，我回顾了三种可能的方法：提高排放标准；提高排放水平；提高排放水平。替代燃料汽车补贴；和拥堵收费区。我提出了一套评估这些不同政策的标准，并将这些标准应用于这三个政策。我得出结论，乘用车排放标准的提高和对代用燃料车的补贴相结合，是最好的政策方针。