Considering the significance of the gut microbiota on human health, there has been ever-growing research and commercial interest in various aspects of probiotic functional foods and drugs. A probiotic food requires cautious consideration in terms of strain selection, appropriate process and storage conditions, cell viability and functionality, and effective delivery at the targeted site. To address these challenges, several technologies have been explored and some of them have been adopted for industrial applicability. Encapsulation of probiotics has been recognized as an effective way to stabilize them in their dried form. By conferring a physical barrier to protect them from adverse conditions, the encapsulation approach renders direct benefits on stability, delivery, and functionality. Various techniques have been explored to encapsulate probiotics, but it is noteworthy that the encapsulation method itself influences surface morphology, viability, and survivability of probiotics. This review focuses on the need to encapsulate probiotics, trends in various encapsulation techniques, current research and challenges in targeted delivery, the market status of encapsulated probiotics, and future directions. Specific focus has been given on various in vitro methods that have been explored to better understand their delivery and performance.

考虑到肠道微生物群对人类健康的重要性，益生菌功能性食品和药物的各个方面的研究和商业兴趣都在不断增长。益生菌食品需要谨慎考虑菌株选择、适当的加工和储存条件、细胞活力和功能以及在目标部位的有效递送。为了应对这些挑战，已经探索了几种技术，其中一些已被用于工业应用。益生菌的封装已被认为是一种将它们稳定在干燥形式的有效方法。通过赋予物理屏障以保护它们免受不利条件的影响，封装方法在稳定性、交付和功能方面提供了直接好处。已经探索了各种技术来封装益生菌，但值得注意的是，封装方法本身会影响益生菌的表面形态、活力和生存能力。这篇综述的重点是对益生菌进行封装的需求、各种封装技术的趋势、靶向给药的当前研究和挑战、封装益生菌的市场状况以及未来的发展方向。特别关注已探索的各种体外方法，以更好地了解它们的递送和性能。胶囊化益生菌的市场现状及未来发展方向。特别关注已探索的各种体外方法，以更好地了解它们的递送和性能。胶囊化益生菌的市场现状及未来发展方向。特别关注已探索的各种体外方法，以更好地了解它们的递送和性能。