Germany has become a major country of immigration, as well as a research powerhouse in Europe. As Germany spends a higher fraction of its GDP on research and development than most countries with advanced economies, there is an expectation that Germany should be able to attract and retain international scholars who have high citation performance. Using an exhaustive set of over eight million Scopus publications, we analyze the trends in international migration to and from Germany among published researchers over the past 24 years. We assess changes in institutional affiliations for over one million researchers who have published with a German affiliation address at some point during the 1996-2020 period. We show that while Germany has been highly integrated into the global movement of researchers, with particularly strong ties to the US, the UK, and Switzerland, the country has been sending more published researchers abroad than it has attracted. While the balance has been largely negative over time, analyses disaggregated by gender, citation performance, and field of research show that compositional differences in migrant flows may help to alleviate persistent gender inequalities in selected fields.

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学术界的国际迁移和引文表现：使用Scopus出版物按性别和学科对德国附属研究人员进行的分析（1996-2020年）

德国已成为主要的移民国，同时也是欧洲的研究中心。与大多数发达经济体国家相比，德国在研究与开发上花费的GDP比例更高，因此人们期望德国应该能够吸引和留住具有高引用率的国际学者。我们使用了详尽的800万册Scopus出版物，分析了过去24年中已发表的研究人员进出德国的国际迁移趋势。我们评估了1996年至2020年间超过一百万名在德国隶属地址发表的研究人员的机构隶属关系的变化。我们表明，尽管德国已高度融入研究人员的全球运动，但与美国，英国，在瑞士，瑞士向国外派遣的已发表研究人员数量超过其吸引的数量。虽然随着时间的流逝，平衡基本上是负数，但按性别，引文表现和研究领域分列的分析表明，移民流动中的成分差异可能有助于缓解某些领域持续存在的性别不平等现象。