While increasing hopes are being attached to deliberate societal transformative change to achieve the targets of the 2030 Agenda and the Paris Agreement, questions remain about whether and whereby such profound systemic change can be governed. This paper analyses how transformative changes are intended to be encouraged and achieved, where and when. The paper explores critical drivers and how they relate to leverage points at different places in the societal systems. The paper builds on a comprehensive sense-making analysis of scholarly literature, policy documents, including countries’ contributions to the Paris Agreement and national reviews of progress towards the UN Sustainable Development Goals, international news media and lay focus group discussions on five continents. There are great variations in how drivers were made sense of in the data. The many ongoing interacting transformations across societies involve different social, cultural, and political contexts, while the implementation of the 2030 Agenda also contains goal conflicts and unavoidable trade-offs. The paper highlights four categories of drivers as particularly important to consider in view of international transformation efforts: technological innovations, political economy redistribution, new narratives, and transformative learning. Four features are important for bringing clarity on how deliberate transformations can be encouraged: (1) the function of drivers in enabling and restricting transformations of societal systems characterised by detailed or dynamic complexity, (2) cultural and geographical contexts of transformations, (3) where in the systems the drivers are intended to intervene, and (4) the role of critical junctions in time, where transformative trajectories can branch out.

尽管人们越来越希望通过刻意的社会转型变革来实现 2030 年议程和《巴黎协定》的目标，但对于这种深刻的系统性变革是否以及通过何种方式可以得到治理仍然存在疑问。本文分析了如何鼓励和实现变革性变革，何时何地. 本文探讨了关键驱动因素以及它们如何与社会系统中不同地方的杠杆点相关联。本文建立在对学术文献、政策文件的全面意义分析的基础上，包括各国对《巴黎协定》的贡献以及对联合国可持续发展目标进展情况的国家审查、国际新闻媒体和五大洲的非专业焦点小组讨论。在数据中如何理解驱动因素方面存在很大差异。社会之间许多正在进行的相互作用的变革涉及不同的社会、文化和政治背景，而 2030 年议程的实施也包含目标冲突和不可避免的取舍。鉴于国际转型努力，本文强调了四类驱动因素特别重要：技术创新、政治经济再分配、新叙事和转型学习。四个特征对于明确如何鼓励刻意转型很重要：(1) 驱动因素在促成和限制具有详细或动态复杂性特征的社会系统转型方面的功能，(2) 转型的文化和地理背景，(3)在系统中，驱动程序旨在干预的位置，以及 (4) 关键节点的作用，其中变革轨迹可以分支。