The de novo generation of double-membrane autophagosomes is the hallmark of autophagy. The initial membranous precursor cisterna, the phagophore, is very likely generated by the fusion of vesicles and acts as a membrane seed for the subsequent expansion into an autophagosome. This latter step requires a massive convoy of lipids into the phagophore. In this review, we present recent advances in our understanding of the intracellular membrane sources and lipid delivery mechanisms, which principally rely on vesicular transport and membrane contact sites that contribute to autophagosome biogenesis. In this context, we discuss lipid biosynthesis and lipid remodeling events that play a crucial role in both phagophore nucleation and expansion.

该从头代双膜自噬是细胞自噬的标志。最初的膜前体池，吞噬细胞，很可能由囊泡融合产生，并作为膜种子，随后扩展为自噬体。后一步需要大量脂质进入吞噬细胞。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了我们对细胞内膜来源和脂质递送机制的理解的最新进展，这些机制主要依赖于有助于自噬体生物发生的囊泡运输和膜接触位点。在这种情况下，我们讨论了在吞噬细胞成核和扩张中起关键作用的脂质生物合成和脂质重塑事件。