In this study, Baltic Sea sediments, as a source of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ammonium (NH₄⁺), and phosphates (PO₄³⁻), were investigated based on samples obtained in 2017 and 2018, shortly after a sequence of inflows from the North Sea that occurred between 2014 and 2017. Two different data sets (I and II) were used to assess benthic diffusive fluxes and thus elucidate both the temporal conditions at the time of sampling (data set I) and the diffusion potential of the sediments (data set II). The estimated fluxes were characterized by a high spatial variability within the whole Baltic Sea and ranged between −0.01 and 3.33 mmol m⁻² d⁻¹ for DIC, −0.02 and 0.44 mmol m⁻² d⁻¹ for DOC, −40.5 and 1370.1 µmol m⁻² d⁻¹ for NH₄⁺, and −5.9 and 60.9 µmol m⁻² d⁻¹ for PO₄³⁻. The estimated benthic diffusive fluxes indicated a high potential for DIC, DOC, NH₄⁺, and PO₄³⁻ release from Baltic Sea sediments. The high O₂ concentrations in the water column of the Gulf of Bothnia together with major Baltic inflows (MBIs) bringing oxygenated seawater to the Baltic Proper and to some extent the Eastern Gotland Basin regulate the amounts of chemicals released from the sediment. Our study showed that a sequence of inflows has greater impact on the diminution of diffusive fluxes than does a single MBI and that the sediments of the Baltic Proper, even under the influence of inflows, are an important source of C, N, and P (159 kt yr⁻¹ for DIC+DOC, 6.3 kt yr⁻¹ for N-NH₄⁺ and 3.7 kt yr⁻¹ for P-PO₄³⁻) that should be considered in regional budget estimations.

在这项研究中，波罗的海沉积物作为溶解无机碳 (DIC)、溶解有机碳 (DOC)、铵 (NH ₄ ⁺ ) 和磷酸盐 (PO ₄ ³⁻ ) 的来源，基于 2017 年获得的样品进行了调查和 2018 年，在 2014 年至 2017 年间发生一系列来自北海的流入之后不久。两个不同的数据集（I 和 II）用于评估底栖扩散通量，从而阐明采样时的时间条件（数据集 I）和沉积物的扩散潜力（数据集 II）。估计通量的特征在于整个波罗的海内的高空间变异性，DIC 的范围在 -0.01 和 3.33 mmol m ^-2 d ^{-1 之间}，-0.02 和 0.44 mmol m^-2 d ^-1对于DOC，-40.5 和1370.1 µmol m ^-2 d ^-1对于NH ₄ ⁺，以及-5.9 和60.9 µmol m ^-2 d ^-1对于PO ₄ ^3-。估计的底栖扩散通量表明波罗的海沉积物中DIC、DOC、NH ₄ ⁺和 PO ₄ ^3-释放的潜力很高。高O ₂波的尼亚湾水体中的浓度与主要的波罗的海流入 (MBI) 一起将含氧海水带到波罗的海地区，在某种程度上，东哥特兰盆地调节了从沉积物中释放的化学物质的数量。我们的研究表明，与单一 MBI 相比，一系列流入对扩散通量减少的影响更大，并且波罗的海盆地的沉积物，即使在流入的影响下，也是 C、N 和 P 的重要来源。DIC+DOC 为159 kt yr ^-1，N-NH ₄ ⁺为6.3 kt yr ^-1，P-PO ₄ ^3-为3.7 kt yr ^-1），应在区域预算估算中予以考虑。