Mesoscale eddies redistribute heat, salt, and nutrients in oceans. The South Atlantic Ocean (SA) is a basin that has active mesoscale eddies for which characteristics of the three‐dimensional structure and its leading mechanism are complex but have yet been studied sufficiently. Here based on ocean reanalysis datasets we use a composite analysis approach to analyze the mixed layer anomalous heat budget and find distinct two types of spatial patterns: dipole and monopole – mainly present in the northern and southern regions of the SA, respectively. The dipole can be attributed to ocean horizontal advection, especially to the combined effect of eddy anomalous meridional current and meridional gradient of mean temperature. The monopole, on the other hand, is associated with complex contributions, for which zonal and meridional advections play opposite roles as cooling or heating around the eddies. At the eddy center, the vertical advection is non‐negligible, especially the mean upwelling and vertical temperature gradient playing a vital role in the formation of a monopole. The analysis of eddy meridional heat transport shows that the stirring component is dominant, and poleward in most areas, especially at high latitudes. Such analysis on the leading mechanism of eddy‐induced temperature anomaly could help improve our understanding on meso‐ and small‐scale air‐sea interactions and eddy‐induced heat transport in the SA.

中文翻译：

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南大西洋中尺度涡旋的三维结构和热收支特征

中尺度涡流会重新分配海洋中的热量，盐分和养分。南大西洋（SA）是一个具有活跃中尺度涡流的盆地，其三维结构及其主导机制的特征很复杂，但尚未得到充分研究。在此，根据海洋再分析数据集，我们使用一种复合分析方法来分析混合层异常热量收支，并找到不同的两种类型的空间格局：偶极子和单极子–主要分别出现在南半球北部和南部。偶极子可以归因于海洋水平对流，特别是涡流异常子午流和平均温度子午梯度的综合作用。另一方面，单极子与复杂的贡献相关，因此，对流和纬向平流与涡流周围的冷却或加热作用相反。在涡流中心，垂直对流是不可忽略的，特别是平均上升流和垂直温度梯度在单极子的形成中起着至关重要的作用。对涡流子午传热的分析表明，在大多数地区，特别是在高纬度地区，搅拌分量占主导地位，并且是极向性的。对涡流引起的温度异常的主导机制进行的此类分析，有助于增进我们对南半球中小尺度海-气相互作用和涡流引起的热传递的理解。特别是平均上升流和垂直温度梯度在单极子的形成中起着至关重要的作用。对涡流子午传热的分析表明，在大多数地区，特别是在高纬度地区，搅拌分量占主导地位，并且是极向的。对涡流引起的温度异常的主导机制进行的此类分析，有助于增进我们对南半球中小尺度海-气相互作用和涡流引起的热传递的理解。特别是平均上升流和垂直温度梯度在单极子的形成中起着至关重要的作用。对涡流子午线传热的分析表明，在大多数地区，特别是在高纬度地区，搅拌分量占主导地位，并且是极向性的。对涡流引起的温度异常的主导机制进行的此类分析，有助于增进我们对南半球中小尺度海-气相互作用和涡流引起的热传递的理解。