Understanding avian movement patterns is important to ensure that conservation decisions are made on a scale that is relevant to the species. The family Psittacidae (macaws, parrots and allies) is one of the most endangered large bird families in the world, but due to a variety of technical and logistical difficulties our knowledge of their movements is limited. The scant evidence that exists suggests that parrot populations exhibit a complex mix of migratory and sedentary movement patterns. We obtained location data from 14 Argos satellite transmitter deployments on six Scarlet Macaws (Ara macao) and four Blue-and-yellow Macaws (Ara ararauna) from 2008 to 2016 in lowland tropical moist forest of southeast Peru. The collars provided data spanning 317 ? 61 days (N = 14 deployments). The data allowed us to document spatial use during the end of the breeding season, the whole non-breeding season, and into the subsequent breeding season. About 30% of individuals in the study, all marked in 2009, did not show large seasonal changes in spatial use. However, the remaining birds moved up to 150 km from their nesting areas and averaged a 24-fold increase in range size during the non-breeding season. During the non-breeding season most members of both species engaged in exploratory flights of about 20 km perhaps to gather information on food availability at the landscape level. Surprisingly, range sizes, range shift timing, and most other movement parameters did not differ between the two macaw species studied. In addition, most individuals of both species moved outside the 1.36 million hectare protected area complex during the non-breeding season, highlighting the need for large protected areas to conserve these macaws in the forests of the western Amazon basin.

中文翻译：

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卫星遥测揭示了亚马逊西部盆地中两种大型金刚鹦鹉物种的复杂迁徙运动模式

了解鸟类的活动方式对于确保以与物种有关的规模做出保护决定很重要。鹦鹉科（金刚鹦鹉，鹦鹉和盟友）是世界上最濒危的大型鸟类家族之一，但由于各种技术和后勤困难，我们对其活动的了解有限。现有的证据很少，表明鹦鹉种群表现出迁徙和久坐运动模式的复杂混合。我们从2008年至2016年从秘鲁东南部低地热带湿润森林中的六个猩红金刚鹦鹉（Ara澳门）和四个蓝黄金刚鹦鹉（Ara ararauna）的14个Argos卫星发射机部署中获得了位置数据。这些项圈提供的数据跨越317？61天（N = 14个部署）。数据使我们能够记录在繁殖季节结束，整个非繁殖季节以及随后的繁殖季节期间的空间利用情况。该研究中约有30％的人（均在2009年标记）没有显示出空间使用方面的大的季节性变化。但是，在非繁殖季节，其余的鸟类从其筑巢区移动了150公里，平均范围扩大了24倍。在非繁殖季节，这两个物种的大多数成员都进行了约20公里的探索性飞行，以收集有关景观一级粮食供应的信息。令人惊讶的是，在所研究的两种金刚鹦鹉物种之间，范围大小，范围移位时机和大多数其他运动参数没有差异。此外，这两个物种的大多数个体都移出了1。