The present study focuses on the risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in aquatic ecosystems by evaluating the current situation of heavy metals in seven locations (North Amer El Bahry, Amer, Bakr, Ras Gharib, July Water Floud, Ras Shokeir, and El Marageen) along the Suez Gulf coast that are well-known representative sites for petroleum activities in Egypt. One hundred and forty-six samples of surface sediments were carefully collected from twenty-seven profiles in the intertidal and surf zone. The hydrochemical parameters, such as pH and salinity (S‰), were measured during sample collection. The mineralogy study was carried out by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and the concentrations of Al, Mn, Fe, Cr, Cu, Co, Zn, Cd, and Pb were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectra (ICP-MS). The ecological risks of heavy metals were assessed by applying the contamination factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (I_geo), pollution load index (PLI), and potential ecological risk index (RI). The mineralogical composition mainly comprised quartz, dolomites, calcite, and feldspars. The average concentrations of the detected heavy metals, in descending order, were Al > Fe > Mn > Cr > Pb > Cu > Zn > Ni > Co > Cd. A non-significant or negative relationship between the heavy metal concentration in the samples and their textural grain size characteristics was observed. The coastal surface sediment samples of the Suez Gulf contained lower concentrations of heavy metals than those published for other regions in the world with petroleum activities, except for Al, Mn, and Cr. The results for the CF, EF, and I_geo showed that Cd and Pb have severe enrichment in surface sediment and are derived from anthropogenic sources, while Al, Mn, Fe, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn originate from natural sources. By comparison, the PLI and RI results indicate that the North Amer El Bahry and July Water Floud are considered polluted areas due to their petroleum activities. The continuous monitoring and assessment of pollutants in the Suez Gulf will aid in the protection of the environment and the sustainability of resources.

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埃及苏伊士湾地表沉积物中石油活动的环境风险评估

本研究着重于通过评估七个地区（北阿米尔埃尔巴赫里，阿默尔，巴克尔，拉斯加里卜，七月水富鲁德，拉斯·肖基尔和埃尔马拉奇恩）的重金属现状来评估水生生态系统中重金属污染的风险。苏伊士海湾沿岸是埃及石油活动的著名代表点。从潮间带和海浪区的27个剖面中仔细收集了146个表面沉积物样本。在样品收集过程中测量了水化学参数，例如pH和盐度（S‰）。用X射线衍射仪（XRD）进行了矿物学研究，并使用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）测定了Al，Mn，Fe，Cr，Cu，Co，Zn，Cd和Pb的浓度）。我_地理），污染负荷指数（PLI），和潜在生态风险指数（RI）。矿物组成主要包括石英，白云岩，方解石和长石。检测到的重金属的平均浓度按降序排列为：Al> Fe> Mn> Cr> Pb> Cu> Zn> Ni> Co> Cd。观察到样品中的重金属浓度与其组织晶粒尺寸特征之间无显着或负相关关系。苏伊士湾沿海地表沉积物样品中重金属的含量低于世界上其他有石油活动地区的铝，锰和铬含量。CF，EF和I _geo的结果结果表明，Cd和Pb大量沉积在地表沉积物中，并且来自人为来源，而Al，Mn，Fe，Cr，Co，Ni，Cu和Zn来自自然来源。相比之下，PLI和RI结果表明，由于其石油活动，北美洲埃尔巴赫里和7月水流域被认为是受污染的地区。对苏伊士湾污染物的持续监测和评估将有助于保护环境和资源的可持续性。