Stakeholder inclusion is a core element of many scenario planning practices. The literature on this topic is vast and has documented that involving stakeholders in such processes is crucial to secure an impact on actual decision making and produce positive societal outcomes. However, few studies have homed in on more detailed questions about exactly why, how and to what ends engaging diverse stakeholders matters to scenario planning. This study of stakeholder inclusion in scenario planning for policy making reflects on four detailed key arenas. We first investigate the concept of stakeholders and how the scenario planning literature considers them. We explore the different types of relevant actors to include in a participatory scenario process, and we probe which methods are used to identify stakeholders to engage. Second, we investigate the role or function of stakeholders in the scenario planning process and find that stakeholder involvement has specific and detailed functions in particular phases of scenario planning. Third, we explore which methods are used to include stakeholders in scenario planning processes. Finally, in a synthesis across the study, we explore some of the key tensions and open questions related to including stakeholders in scenario planning processes.

利益相关者的参与是许多方案规划实践的核心要素。有关该主题的文献很多，并记录了使利益相关者参与此类过程对于确保对实际决策产生影响并产生积极的社会成果至关重要。但是，很少有研究针对更具体的问题进行研究，这些问题到底是为什么，如何以及在什么情况下促使不同利益相关者参与到方案规划中来。对利益相关者纳入决策方案规划的研究反映了四个详细的关键领域。我们首先研究利益相关者的概念以及场景规划文献如何看待它们。我们探索了不同类型的相关参与者，以包括在参与性情景过程中，并探讨了使用哪些方法来识别参与的利益相关者。第二，我们调查了利益相关者在场景规划过程中的角色或功能，发现利益相关者的参与在场景规划的特定阶段具有特定而详细的功能。第三，我们探讨了用于将涉众包括在方案计划过程中的方法。最后，在整个研究的综合报告中，我们探索了一些关键的紧张局势和与在方案规划流程中包括利益相关者有关的开放性问题。