Abstract—

The article presents a systematic review of the literature data on the role of endothelial cells and features of vascularization in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. The capillaries of the normal liver are represented by sinusoids, which are characterized by the presence of specific fenestrations in endothelial cells and the absence of a basal membrane under the endothelium. The article shows that, as a rule, the development of hepatocellular carcinoma occurs upon chronic liver lesions, and it is a multistage process of the progression of tissue and cellular atypism, as well as changes in the vascularization of tumor tissue. The vascular network that forms in the tumor tissue is characterized by structural and functional atypism. The development and progression of liver carcinoma is accompanied by changes in the structure and metabolism of endothelial cells in the tumor node, as well as chromosomal aberrations with impaired gene expression and growth factors. The processes of angiogenesis and vascularization are based on the morphological determination of microvessel density on immunohistochemical specimens. The clinical diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma is based on the detection of radiation characteristics of the tumor, including those due to changes in vascularization of the tumor tissue. An increase in the malignancy grade of hepatocellular carcinoma is accompanied by a decrease in blood flow through the portal vein system and, accordingly, an increase in arterial blood flow. It is noted that knowledge of the processes of tumor angiogenesis is required to develop antitumor, targeted, antiangiogenic drugs.

中文翻译：

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正常肝和肝细胞癌的内皮细胞

摘要—

本文对有关内皮细胞的作用和血管化特征在肝细胞癌发展中的文献资料进行了系统的综述。正常肝脏的毛细血管以正弦波为代表，其特征是内皮细胞中存在特定的开窗孔，而内皮下没有基底膜。该文章表明，通常来说，肝细胞癌的发生是在慢性肝损伤时发生的，这是组织发展和细胞非典型性以及肿瘤组织血管化变化的多阶段过程。在肿瘤组织中形成的血管网络的特征在于结构和功能的非典型性。肝癌的发展和进展伴随着肿瘤结节中内皮细胞的结构和代谢的变化，以及基因表达和生长因子受损的染色体畸变。血管生成和血管形成的过程基于免疫组织化学标本上微血管密度的形态测定。肝细胞癌的临床诊断是基于对肿瘤放射线特征的检测，包括由于肿瘤组织血管化的改变而引起的放射线特征。肝细胞癌恶性程度的增加伴随着通过门静脉系统的血流量减少，因此，动脉血流量增加。