The Q-factor is an important physical parameter for characterizing the absorption and attenuation of seismic waves propagating in underground media, which is of great significance for improving the resolution of seismic data, oil and gas detection, and reservoir description. In this paper, the local centroid frequency is defined using shaping regularization and used to estimate the Q values of the formation. We propose a continuous time-varying Q-estimation method in the time-frequency domain according to the local centroid frequency, namely, the local centroid frequency shift (LCFS) method. This method can reasonably reduce the calculation error caused by the low accuracy of the time picking of the target formation in the traditional methods. The theoretical and real seismic data processing results show that the time-varying Q values can be accurately estimated using the LCFS method. Compared with the traditional Q-estimation methods, this method does not need to extract the top and bottom interfaces of the target formation; it can also obtain relatively reasonable Q values when there is no effective frequency spectrum information. Simultaneously, a reasonable inverse Q filtering result can be obtained using the continuous time-varying Q values.

的Q -因子是用于表征地震波在地下介质，其具有重要的意义用于改进地震数据，石油和气体检测，和油藏描述的分辨率传播的吸收和衰减的一个重要物理参数。在本文中，局部质心频率是使用整形正则化定义的，并用于估计地层的Q值。我们提出一个连续的时变Q时频域中根据局部质心频率的估计方法，即局部质心频移（LCFS）方法。该方法可以合理地减少传统方法中由于目标编队时间选取精度低而引起的计算误差。理论和实际地震数据处理结果表明，使用LCFS方法可以准确估算随时间变化的Q值。与传统的Q估计方法相比，该方法不需要提取目标地层的顶部和底部界面；如果没有有效的频谱信息，它也可以获得相对合理的Q值。同时，一个合理的反Q可以使用连续的时变Q值获得滤波结果。