Responsiveness of biochemical soil quality indicators (SQIs) (β-glucosidase activity [BG], fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis [FDA], and permanganate oxidizable C [POXC]) to management and their interactions with site and experimental factors were evaluated using a meta-database to quantify effect sizes (ESs). Eighty percent of responses were positive, with ESs ranking grassland > organic fertilizer > conservation tillage = cover crop ≥ residue return exceeding conventional controls. The ESs were, on average, larger for BG (0.34) and FDA (0.35) than POXC (0.29), and responses to site and experimental covariates varied. This work found that POXC ES was greater in soils that are drier and finer-textured, increased with study length, varied under high and low biomass crops, and increased by use of analytical methods that recovered a larger proportion of SOC. These findings collectively suggest that POXC quantifies accumulation of protected C. Both BG and FDA were more responsive in wetter and medium- or coarse-textured soils, suggesting these enzyme-based indicators are closely associated with biologically active C. The ESs of FDA were the most spatially and temporally dynamic, exhibiting significant (P < .05) declines with depth and sampling time. Use of randomization tests and general linear models to quantify SQI response to management effectively identified significant covariates needed to understand differences among SQI responses to conservation management. This work demonstrated the importance of considering site and experimental covariates and a model for how to interpret SQI responsiveness using meta-analytical summary.

中文翻译：

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β-葡萄糖苷酶、高锰酸盐可氧化碳和荧光素二乙酸盐水解对保护措施的响应

使用元数据库评估生化土壤质量指标 (SQI)（β-葡萄糖苷酶活性 [BG]、荧光素二乙酸酯水解 [FDA] 和高锰酸盐可氧化碳 [POXC]）对管理的响应及其与场地和实验因素的相互作用量化效应量 (ES)。80% 的反应是积极的，ESs 排名草地 > 有机肥 > 保护性耕作 = 覆盖作物 ≥ 残留物回报超过常规控制。BG (0.34) 和 FDA (0.35) 的 ES 平均大于 POXC (0.29)，并且对部位和实验协变量的反应各不相同。这项工作发现 POXC ES 在更干燥和质地更细的土壤中更大，随着研究时间的增加而增加，在高和低生物量作物下变化，并通过使用回收更大比例的 SOC 的分析方法而增加。这些发现共同表明 POXC 量化了受保护 C 的积累。 BG 和 FDA 在较湿和中等或粗糙质地的土壤中反应更灵敏，表明这些基于酶的指标与生物活性 C 密切相关。 FDA 的 ES 是在空间和时间上最具动态性，表现出显着（P  < .05) 随深度和采样时间而下降。使用随机测试和一般线性模型来量化 SQI 对管理的响应，有效地确定了理解 SQI 对保护管理响应之间差异所需的重要协变量。这项工作证明了考虑站点和实验协变量的重要性，以及如何使用元分析总结解释 SQI 响应的模型。