ABSTRACT

In Fichte’s Addresses to the German Nation (1807–8), one important issue is which of the concepts works as a foundation for the others. People, nation, language, state, or education are all possible candidates to take a central place. First, this paper analyzes the problems presented by the notions of “people” and “nation,” such as their ambiguous and even contradictory aspects. Second, we focus on how the concept of education needs a solid ground from which an educational plan can develop. Finally, we show that the fundamental concept of Fichte’s Addresses is the same one as in his Natural Right: the State. According to Fichte, only the rational State can guarantee the realization of education, people, and nation.

摘要

在费希特（Fichte）对德国的演说（1807–8）中，一个重要的问题是哪个概念可以作为其他概念的基础。人，民族，语言，州或教育程度都可能占据中心位置。首先，本文分析了“人民”和“民族”概念所带来的问题，例如它们模棱两可甚至矛盾的方面。其次，我们关注于教育概念如何需要坚实的基础，以制定教育计划。最后，我们表明，费希特的基本概念地址是同一个在他的自然权利：国家。费希特认为，只有理性国家才能保证教育，人民和国家的实现。