Land use and land cover (LULC) changes strongly affect local hydrology and sediment yields. The current study focused on a basin in the Brazilian Amazon and had the following three objectives: (1) to perform an effective diagnosis of flow and sediment yield, (2) to evaluate the impacts of LULC changes over the last 40 years on the hydro-sedimentological variables, and (3) to investigate the impacts of the possible trends or breaking points in the flow, surface runoff, and sediment yield series. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model validation showed that the simulated results were consistent with the data measured in the dynamic reproduction of flow seasonality. Furthermore, changes in LULC altered surface runoff, sediment yield, and flow according to the Mann-Kendall and Pettitt non-parametric tests. It was also observed that the sub-basins in which pastureland is predominant are more susceptible to increased surface runoff and sediment yield. According to trend and homogeneity tests, these sub-basins had break points in the time series of these variables. On the other hand, in the sub-basins whose land cover is predominantly forest, the time series is homogeneous and trendless. The current study highlighted the impacts that 40 years of LULC changes in an Amazonian basin had on hydro-sedimentological variables, which, in turn, can play an important role in changing the hydrological cycle, consequently these changes can also impact diverse human activities in the region, such as agribusiness, livestock, energy production, food security, and public water supply. Thus, it is concluded that the SWAT model is a good estimator of hydro-sedimentological processes in Amazonian basins and can be used by decision makers in the management of water and environmental resources.

土地利用和土地覆盖 (LULC) 的变化强烈影响当地的水文和沉积物产量。目前的研究集中在巴西亚马逊流域，具有以下三个目标：(1) 对流量和沉积物产量进行有效诊断，(2) 评估过去 40 年 LULC 变化对水力发电的影响- 沉积学变量，以及 (3) 调查流量、地表径流和沉积物产量序列中可能的趋势或断点的影响。土壤和水评估工具 (SWAT) 模型验证表明，模拟结果与流量季节性动态再现中测量的数据一致。此外，根据 Mann-Kendall 和 Pettitt 非参数检验，LULC 的变化改变了地表径流、沉积物产量和流量。还观察到，以牧场为主的子流域更容易受到地表径流和沉积物产量增加的影响。根据趋势和同质性检验，这些子流域在这些变量的时间序列中存在断点。另一方面，在土地覆盖以森林为主的子流域中，时间序列是同质且无趋势的。目前的研究强调了亚马逊流域 40 年的 LULC 变化对水文沉积学变量的影响，这些变量反过来又可以在改变水文循环方面发挥重要作用，因此这些变化也可以影响不同的人类活动。区域，例如农业综合企业、畜牧业、能源生产、粮食安全和公共供水。因此，