Extreme work environments are inherently stressful and involve challenging working and living conditions. In contexts ranging from space exploration to disaster response, people must sustain performance under pressure, and function with limited resources. In this paper we develop the concept of endurance for extreme work environments, which we define as the capacity to sustain performance at high levels for safe and effective operations over extended durations (e.g., a mission, operation, deployment, or expedition). We integrate diverse streams of literature (e.g., work stress, recovery, and sleep) to describe endurance in terms of short- and long-term energy management processes as individuals interact with their work-life system (i.e. work, non-work, and sleep environment). We conclude with theoretical and practical implications for a better understanding of endurance, such as considering multiple time perspectives, and the role that researchers, practitioners, and organizations can play in optimizing endurance in the field.

极端的工作环境具有内在的压力，涉及艰巨的工作和生活条件。在从太空探索到灾难响应的各种环境中，人们必须在压力下维持绩效，并在有限的资源下发挥作用。在本文中，我们提出了对极端工作环境的耐力概念，我们将其定义为在长时间内（例如，任务，操作，部署或远征）安全有效执行高水平性能的能力。我们整合了各种各样的文献资料（例如工作压力，恢复能力和睡眠），以当个体与其工作生活系统（即工作，非工作和生活）互动时，以短期和长期的能源管理过程来描述耐力。睡眠环境）。