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Amber from a Tyrannosaurus rex bonebed (Saskatchewan, Canada) with implications for paleoenvironment and paleoecology
Cretaceous Research ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-26 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104865
Pierre Cockx , Ralf Tappert , Karlis Muehlenbachs , Christopher Somers , Ryan C. McKellar

The Frenchman Formation (Maastrichtian) exposed within Chambery Coulee in southwestern Saskatchewan, Canada, has yielded exceptional vertebrate fauna specimens, including one of the largest known Tyrannosaurus rex individuals. The site has excellent preservation of a rich and diverse paleobotanical assemblage containing amber, which is analyzed in detail and compared to other sources of paleoecological data herein. Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of the fossil resin suggests a botanical source among the Cupressaceae (cypress trees). The ecological requirements of the crocodilians imply a mean annual temperature of 16 °C, which is slightly higher than previous estimates based on paleobotanical analyses. Stable isotope analyses of amber in the deposit provided insight into the environment and the ecological conditions at the time of resin secretion. The δD values showed a marine enrichment that suggests proximity to oceanic waters, and by extension, strong influence of the Western Interior Seaway in the region during the latest Cretaceous. The carbon isotope composition might also indicate that a potential ecological stress affected the trees such as a drought. These results highlight the interest of including amber in bonebed studies: even in the absence of identifiable inclusions, valuable paleoenvironmental, paleoecological, and even paleogeographic clues can be derived from chemical analyses of fossil resins.



中文翻译:

来自霸王龙骨床(加拿大萨斯喀彻温省)的琥珀,对古环境和古生态有影响

在加拿大萨斯喀彻温省西南部的尚贝里古里暴露的法国人组(马斯特里赫特)已经产生了特殊的脊椎动物标本,包括已知最大的霸王龙之一个人。该遗址保存了丰富多样的包含琥珀的古植物组合,对其进行了详细分析,并与此处的其他古生态数据来源进行了比较。化石树脂的傅里叶变换红外 (FTIR) 光谱表明它是柏科(柏树)中的植物来源。鳄鱼的生态需求意味着年平均气温为 16 °C,略高于之前基于古植物学分析的估计。对沉积物中琥珀的稳定同位素分析提供了对树脂分泌时的环境和生态条件的深入了解。δD 值显示出海洋富集,表明该地区靠近海洋,并且在白垩纪晚期对该地区西部内陆海道的强烈影响。碳同位素组成也可能表明潜在的生态压力影响了树木,例如干旱。这些结果凸显了将琥珀纳入骨床研究的重要性:即使没有可识别的内含物,也可以从化石树脂的化学分析中获得有价值的古环境、古生态甚至古地理线索。

更新日期:2021-06-02
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