Hydrogen plays a pivotal role in carbon nanomaterials synthesis by arc plasma. However, the effect of hydrogen on morphological regulation of carbon nanomaterials has received little attention. In this paper, carbon nanomaterials synthesized under mixed H₂/Ar, H₂/N₂, and Ar/N₂ atmospheres with different ratios were investigated in detail to tackle the issue. Graphene, carbon nanocages, polyhedral graphite particles, amorphous carbon nanoballs, and carbon nanohorns underwent structural transformation as hydrogen content reduced. As a result of varying hydrogen concentration, the number of C-H bond sites at the edge of graphene islands differed, leading to the structural transformation of carbon nanomaterials originating from the formation of various types of precursors. Meanwhile, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results revealed that hydrogen impeded nitrogen doping because it tended to bond with electronegative nitrogen. Moreover, morphology control capability followed the order of H₂ > N₂ > Ar during the preparation of carbon nanomaterials through arc plasma under a mixed atmosphere.

氢在电弧等离子体合成碳纳米材料中起着关键作用。然而，氢对碳纳米材料的形态调节的影响很少受到关注。本文研究了在混合的H ₂ / Ar，H ₂ / N ₂和Ar / N ₂混合条件下合成的碳纳米材料。为了解决这个问题，对不同比例的大气进行了详细调查。随着氢含量的降低，石墨烯，碳纳米笼，多面体石墨颗粒，无定形碳纳米球和碳纳米角经历了结构转变。由于氢浓度的变化，石墨烯岛边缘的CH键位点数量不同，导致碳纳米材料的结构转变源自各种前体的形成。同时，X射线光电子能谱结果表明，氢阻碍了氮的掺杂，因为它倾向于与负电性氮键合。此外，形态控制能力遵循H ₂  > N ₂的顺序 在混合气氛下通过电弧等离子体制备碳纳米材料过程中> Ar。