ABSTRACT

This article reviews the current state of practice in seismic risk mitigation, focusing on policies in ten of the most earthquake-prone countries around the world. In particular, the review compares policies to retrofit existing buildings and mechanisms for financing seismic risk mitigation, within the context of seismic risk and design standards for each country. The goal of the review is to identify policy best practices that may be useful for national and local governments that are interested in improving their earthquake resilience. The result is a set of best practice recommendations that are organized conceptually around key stages of the seismic retrofit process: (1) risk assessment; (2) knowledge transfer; (3) setting targets; (4) implementation; and (5) monitoring. While these lessons may be valuable to any earthquake-prone country, the recommendations are framed with particular attention to the United States where seismic risk mitigation is primarily the responsibility of local governments.

摘要

本文回顾了减轻地震风险的实践现状，重点关注世界上十个地震多发国家的政策。特别是，审查比较了在每个国家的地震风险和设计标准的背景下改造现有建筑物的政策和减轻地震风险的融资机制。审查的目的是确定可能对有兴趣提高抗震能力的国家和地方政府有用的政策最佳实践。其结果是一组最佳实践建议，这些建议在概念上围绕抗震改造过程的关键阶段进行组织：(1) 风险评估；(2) 知识转移；(3) 设定目标；（四）实施；(5) 监控。虽然这些教训对任何地震多发国家都可能有价值，