Cancer patients are at an increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF) and thrombosis. However, the management of anticoagulation in patients with both diseases may be challenging, and data on these patients are lacking. We summarize the current evidence on the incidence and prevalence of cancer in AF and vice versa and provide some practical considerations on the management of oral anticoagulation in specific clinical situations. Low-molecular weight heparins are not approved for thromboprophylaxis in AF, and management of warfarin can be difficult. The use of direct oral anticoagulants may be particularly attractive for their rapid onset/offset action and lower bleeding risk.

癌症患者发生心房颤动 (AF) 和血栓形成的风险增加。然而，这两种疾病患者的抗凝治疗可能具有挑战性，并且缺乏关于这些患者的数据。我们总结了 AF 中癌症发生率和患病率的当前证据，反之亦然，并提供了一些关于特定临床情况下口服抗凝剂管理的实际考虑。低分子量肝素未被批准用于 AF 的血栓预防，华法林的管理可能很困难。直接口服抗凝剂的使用可能因其快速起效/抵消作用和较低的出血风险而特别有吸引力。