Ainslie insightfully refines the concept of willpower by emphasizing low-effort applications of resolve. However, he gives undue weight to intertemporal discounting as the problem that willpower is needed to overcome. Nonhumans typically don't encounter choices that differ only in the time of consumption. Humans learn to transform uncertainty into problems they can solve using culturally evolved mechanisms for quantifying risk.

中文翻译：

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决心主要是为了抵制双曲线贴现吗？

Ainslie 通过强调决心的低努力应用，深刻地提炼了意志力的概念。然而，他过分重视跨期贴现，因为这是一个需要意志力来克服的问题。非人类通常不会遇到仅在消费时间上有所不同的选择。人类学会将不确定性转化为他们可以使用文化演变的风险量化机制来解决的问题。