Despite robust evidence on the benefits of gum mastication as compared to its risks, places such as Singapore still outlaw chewing gum outside of medicinal purposes. Chewing gum has therapeutic and cognitive benefits such as reduced stress and increased attention, and its associated costs such as littering are disproportionately upheld and still prosecuted against in Singapore. This is a clear example of a policy implemented based on perception rather than cost–benefit analysis. Policies, even as minor as those related to gum mastication, must be entrenched in evidence, and any accompanying costs (eg littering) can and should be deterred through evidence-based communication efforts.

中文翻译：

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咀嚼口香糖的感知风险与经验确定的益处

尽管有强有力的证据表明咀嚼口香糖的益处与其风险相比，新加坡等地仍然禁止在药用之外咀嚼口香糖。口香糖具有治疗和认知方面的好处，例如减轻压力和增加注意力，其相关成本（例如乱扔垃圾）在新加坡得到了不成比例的支持，并且仍然受到起诉。这是基于感知而非成本效益分析实施政策的一个明显例子。政策，即使是与咀嚼口香糖有关的政策，也必须根深蒂固，并且可以而且应该通过基于证据的沟通努力来阻止任何伴随的成本（例如乱扔垃圾）。