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Towards commissioning, resilience and added value of Augmented Reality in robotics: Overcoming technical obstacles to industrial applicability
Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing ( IF 10.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-26 , DOI: 10.1016/j.rcim.2021.102178
Jens Lambrecht , Linh Kästner , Jan Guhl , Jörg Krüger

Augmented Reality (AR) has the potential for facilitating the interaction with robots by enhancing the operator’s spatial understanding as well as providing further cognitive support, e.g. in order to make manual programming processes more efficient and provide on-site simulation. However, we consider major issues that prevent a widespread use of AR towards robotics in industries. Initially, the commissioning of AR devices for robotic applications demands spatial referencing of robots and AR devices. Fiducial markers are a popular artificial aid, but hard to implement in industrial use cases because of additional efforts and a lack of robustness. A further bottleneck for developing AR applications in robotics is the restricted technical and ergonomic maturity of AR devices, e.g. limited local computation and short product life-cycles. Furthermore, benefit through AR in comparison to classic online and offline programming techniques is still unclear for most applicators. In this paper, we present approaches towards a distributed, hardware-agnostic microservice architecture with standard interfaces for an interoperable usage of AR in robotics. Furthermore, we present marker-less pose estimation methods for articulated robot arms as well as mobile robots based on RGB and depth images that serve automatic referencing. Finally, we reveal further application potential of AR in robotics in terms of combining advantages from online and offline programming.



中文翻译:

致力于实现增强现实技术在机器人技术中的调试,复原力和增值:克服工业适用性的技术障碍

增强现实(AR)有潜力通过增强操作员的空间理解能力以及提供进一步的认知支持来促进与机器人的交互,例如,以便使手动编程过程更高效并提供现场仿真。但是,我们考虑了一些主要问题,这些问题阻碍了AR在工业机器人技术中的广泛应用。最初,用于机器人应用的AR设备的调试需要对机器人和AR设备进行空间参考。基准标记是一种流行的人工辅助工具,但是由于付出了额外的努力并且缺乏鲁棒性,因此很难在工业用例中实现。在机器人技术中开发AR应用程序的另一个瓶颈是AR设备的技术和人体工程学的成熟度受到限制,例如,本地计算空间有限和产品生命周期短。此外,与传统的在线和离线编程技术相比,AR带来的好处对于大多数申请人而言仍不清楚。在本文中,我们提出了一种具有标准接口的分布式,与硬件无关的微服务架构的方法,以在机器人技术中实现AR的互操作性使用。此外,我们提出了基于RGB和可自动参考的深度图像的铰接式机器人手臂以及移动机器人的无标记姿态估计方法。最后,我们结合在线和离线编程的优势,揭示了AR在机器人技术中的进一步应用潜力。具有标准接口的硬件不可知微服务体系结构,可在机器人技术中实现AR的互操作性使用。此外,我们提出了基于RGB和可自动参考的深度图像的铰接式机器人手臂以及移动机器人的无标记姿态估计方法。最后,我们结合在线和离线编程的优势,揭示了AR在机器人技术中的进一步应用潜力。具有标准接口的硬件不可知微服务体系结构,可在机器人技术中实现AR的互操作性使用。此外,我们提出了基于RGB和可自动参考的深度图像的铰接式机器人手臂以及移动机器人的无标记姿态估计方法。最后,我们结合在线和离线编程的优势,揭示了AR在机器人技术中的进一步应用潜力。

更新日期:2021-04-26
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