Scholars have found that the gender of children—particularly, having daughters—has a discernible effect on parents’ attitudinal and behavioral support for the empowerment of women. In this article, we explore how the gender of children affects the gender attitudes of parents. Using data from the 2016 American National Election Study (ANES) survey, we estimate the effects of children's gender on parents’ feminist self-identification, support for more women representatives, and attitudes toward traditional gender roles, both in general and separately for men and women. Surprisingly, we find that sons—and not daughters—have a systematic negative effect on feminist self-identification and support for electing more women, as well as a positive effect on support for traditional gender roles. The effects of sons on feminist self-identification and traditional gender roles are observed for both men and women, while the effects of sons on support for more women representatives are limited to women. It appears that having a son decreases support for feminist and egalitarian gender attitudes in both men and women to varying degrees across a variety of dimensions.

中文翻译：

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儿童性别对父母对女性态度的影响

学者们发现，孩子的性别——尤其是生女儿——对父母对赋予妇女权力的态度和行为支持有明显的影响。在这篇文章中，我们探讨了孩子的性别如何影响父母的性别态度。使用 2016 年美国全国选举研究 (ANES) 调查的数据，我们估计了儿童性别对父母女权主义自我认同、对更多​​女性代表的支持以及对传统性别角色的态度的影响，无论是总体上还是分别对男性和女性而言。女性。令人惊讶的是，我们发现儿子——而不是女儿——对女权主义者的自我认同和支持选举更多女性产生系统性的负面影响，以及对支持传统性别角色的积极影响。男性和女性都观察到儿子对女权主义自我认同和传统性别角色的影响，而儿子对支持更多女性代表的影响仅限于女性。似乎有儿子会在各个方面不同程度地降低男性和女性对女权主义和平等主义性别态度的支持。