当前位置: X-MOL 学术Ecol. Soc. › 论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
Human securities, sustainability, and migration in the ancient U.S. Southwest and Mexican Northwest
Ecology and Society ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-26 , DOI: 10.5751/es-12312-260209
Scott E. Ingram , Shelby M. Patrick

In the U.S. Southwest and Mexican Northwest region, arid-lands agriculturalists practiced sedentary agriculture for at least four thousand years. People developed diverse lifeways and a repertoire of successful dryland strategies that resemble those of some small-scale agriculturalists today. A multi-millennial trajectory of variable population growth ended during the early 1300s CE and by the late 1400s population levels in the region declined by about one-half. Here we show, through a meta-analysis of sub-regional archaeological studies, the spatial distribution, intensity, and variation in social and environmental conditions throughout the region prior to depopulation. We also find that as these conditions, identified as human insecurities by the UN Development Programme, worsened, the speed of depopulation increased. Although these conditions have been documented within some sub-regions, the aggregate weight and distribution of these insecurities throughout the Southwest/Northwest region were previously unrecognized. Population decline was not the result of a single disturbance, such as drought, to the regional system; it was a spatially patterned, multi-generational decline in human security. Results support the UN’s emphasis on increasing human security as a pathway toward sustainable development and lessening forced migration. Through these results and the approach demonstrated here, we aim to stimulate collaborations between archaeologists and others in service of modern sustainability planning.

中文翻译:

美国古代西南部和墨西哥西北部的人文安全,可持续发展和移民

在美国西南部和墨西哥西北部地区,干旱地区的农业工作者从事久坐农业至少有四千年的历史。人们发展了多样化的生活方式,并制定了一系列成功的旱地策略,这些策略类似于今天的一些小型农业主义者。在公元1300年代初期,人口增长的千年发展轨迹结束了,到1400年代后期,该地区的人口水平下降了大约一半。在这里,我们通过对次区域考古研究的荟萃分析显示了人口减少之前整个区域的空间分布,强度以及社会和环境状况的变化。我们还发现,随着被联合国开发计划署确定为人类不安全感的这些条件恶化,人口减少的速度加快了。尽管在某些次区域内已记录了这些情况,但先前尚未认识到整个西南/西北地区这些不安全因素的总权重和分布。人口减少并不是对区域系统的单一干扰(例如干旱)的结果;这是人类安全的空间格局,多代下降。结果支持联合国强调将人类安全作为实现可持续发展和减少强迫移民的途径。通过这些结果和此处展示的方法,我们旨在激发考古学家与其他人之间的协作,以服务于现代可持续性规划。这些不安全因素在西南/西北地区的总权重和分布以前未被发现。人口减少并不是对区域系统的单一干扰(例如干旱)的结果;这是人类安全的空间格局,多代下降。结果支持联合国强调将人类安全作为实现可持续发展和减少强迫移民的途径。通过这些结果和此处展示的方法,我们旨在激发考古学家与其他人之间的协作,以服务于现代可持续性规划。这些不安全因素在西南/西北地区的总权重和分布以前未被发现。人口减少并不是对区域系统的单一干扰(例如干旱)的结果;这是人类安全的空间格局,多代下降。结果支持联合国强调将人类安全作为实现可持续发展和减少强迫移民的途径。通过这些结果和此处展示的方法,我们旨在激发考古学家与其他人之间的协作,以服务于现代可持续性规划。结果支持联合国强调将人类安全作为实现可持续发展和减少强迫移民的途径。通过这些结果和此处展示的方法,我们旨在激发考古学家与其他人之间的协作,以服务于现代可持续性规划。结果支持联合国强调将人类安全作为实现可持续发展和减少强迫移民的途径。通过这些结果和此处展示的方法,我们旨在激发考古学家与其他人之间的协作,以服务于现代可持续性规划。
更新日期:2021-04-27
down
wechat
bug