Rapid information on fault rupture geometry is critically important to assess damage and fatalities in large earthquakes and is strongly needed to coordinate rapid rescue efforts if and where necessary. Many countries around the world, however, cannot afford to operate dense seismic networks required to rapidly determine rupture geometry. In this feasibility study, we investigate if crowd-sourced felt intensity reports can be used to close this information gap and enable determination of the orientation and spatial extent of fault ruptures. We apply the Finite-Fault Rupture Detector (FinDer) algorithm to felt intensity reports collected by the European‐Mediterranean Seismological Centre (EMSC). We develop an empirical relationship between the azimuthal gap between felt reports and FinDer performance for automated event selection. This gives us a dataset of 36 global earthquakes (⁠6.0≤M≤7.3⁠) between 2014 and 2020. We find that the resulting FinDer line‐source models are generally consistent with the spatially dependent intensity patterns described by the felt reports, and in many earthquakes achieve a good agreement with the finite‐source models published in the literature: for 50% of events the difference in strike is less than 30°, and for 75% less than 55°. FinDer line‐source models could be calculated automatically for global earthquakes (⁠M≥6⁠) within 10–30 min after their occurrence, provided a sufficient number of felt reports were available. However, our proposed method not only provides faster results, but also helps to fill a general information gap for many earthquakes around the world, for which rupture geometry information is currently unavailable.

中文翻译：

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从毛毡报告得出的近实时地震线源模型

有关断层破裂几何形状的快速信息对于评估大地震中的破坏和死亡至关重要，并且在必要时需要协调快速救援工作，因此急需此信息。然而，世界上许多国家承受不起快速确定破裂几何形状所需的密集地震网络的负担。在此可行性研究中，我们调查了是否可以使用众包的毛毡强度报告来弥合此信息鸿沟，并确定断层破裂的方向和空间范围。我们将有限故障破裂检测器（FinDer）算法应用于欧洲-地中海地震中心（EMSC）收集的感觉强度报告。我们为自动事件选择开发了毛毡报告之间的方位间隙与FinDer性能之间的经验关系。这为我们提供了2014年至2020年之间的36次全球地震（⁠6.0≤M≤7.3⁠）的数据集。我们发现，生成的FinDer线源模型通常与毛毡报告中描述的与空间相关的强度模式一致，并且在许多地震与文献中公布的有限源模型取得了很好的一致性：对于50％的事件，走向差异小于30°，对于75％的差异小于55°。只要有足够的毛毡报告，就可以在发生大地震后10–30分钟内自动为全球地震（M≥6⁠）计算FinDer线源模型。但是，我们提出的方法不仅提供了更快的结果，而且还有助于填补全球许多地震的一般信息空白，而对于这些地震，目前尚无法获得破裂的几何信息。