In anticipation of future spacecraft missions to icy ocean worlds, the Seismometer to Investigate Ice and Ocean Structure (SIIOS) was funded by National Aeronautics and Space Administration, to prepare for seismologic investigations of these worlds. During the summer of 2018, the SIIOS team deployed a seismic experiment on the Greenland ice sheet situated, approximately, 80 km north of Qaanaaq, Greenland. The seismometers deployed included one Trillium 120 s Posthole (TPH) broadband seismometer, 13 Silicon Audio flight‐candidate seismometers, and five Sercel L28 4.5 Hz geophones. Seismometers were buried 1 m deep in the firn in a cross‐shaped array centered on a collocated TPH and Silicon Audio instrument. One part of the array consisted of Silicon Audio and Sercel geophones situated 1 m from the center of the array in the ordinal directions. A second set of four Silicon Audio instruments was situated 1 km from the center of the array in the cardinal directions. A mock‐lander spacecraft was placed at the array center and instrumented with four Silicon Audio seismometers. We performed an active‐source experiment and a passive‐listening experiment that lasted for, approximately, 12 days. The active–source experiment consisted of 9–12 sledgehammer strikes to an aluminum plate at 10 separate locations up to 100 m from the array center. The passive experiment recorded the ice‐sheet ambient background noise, as well as local and regional events. Both datasets will be used to quantify differences in spacecraft instrumentation deployment strategies, and for evaluating science capabilities for single‐station and small‐aperture seismic arrays in future geophysical missions. Our initial results indicate that the flight‐candidate seismometer performs comparably to the TPH at frequencies above 0.1 Hz and that instruments coupled to the mock‐lander perform comparably to ground‐based instrumentation in the frequency band of 0.1–10 Hz. For future icy ocean world missions, a deck‐coupled seismometer would perform similarly to a ground‐based deployment across the most frequency bands.

中文翻译：

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地震仪在西北格陵兰的冰雪和海洋结构（SIIOS）研究的部署：冰冷的海洋世界地震部署的模拟实验

由于预期未来的航天器将向冰冷的海洋世界飞行，美国国家航空航天局（NASA）资助了用于调查冰雪和海洋结构的地震仪（SIIOS），以准备对这些世界进行地震学调查。在2018年夏季，SIIOS团队在格陵兰岛Qaanaaq以北约80公里的格陵兰冰原上进行了地震实验。部署的地震仪包括一台Trillium 120 s后孔（TPH）宽带地震仪，13台Silicon Audio飞行候选地震仪和五台Sercel L28 4.5 Hz地震检波器。地震仪以十字形阵列的形式埋藏在钟下1 m深处，该阵列以并置的TPH和Silicon Audio仪器为中心。阵列的一部分是由硅音频和Sercel地震检波器组成的，它们在顺序方向上距阵列中心1 m。第二组四台Silicon Audio乐器位于基本方向上，距阵列中心1公里。一架模拟着陆飞船被放置在阵列中心，并配备了四个硅音频地震仪。我们进行了一项持续约12天的主动源实验和被动听实验。主动源实验包括在距阵列中心100 m的10个不同位置，用9-12个大锤敲击一块铝板。被动实验记录了冰盖周围的背景噪声以及局部和区域性事件。这两个数据集将用于量化航天器仪器部署策略中的差异，并用于评估未来地球物理任务中单站和小孔径地震阵列的科学能力。我们的初步结果表明，在0.1 Hz以上的频率下，飞行候选地震仪的性能与TPH相当，而与模拟着陆器耦合的仪器在0.1–10 Hz频段上的性能与地面仪器相当。对于未来的冰冷海洋世界任务，与甲板耦合的地震仪的性能与大多数频段上的地面部署相似。