ABSTRACT

This paper describes the development and application of two cumulative impact scores – a neighbourhood deficit and an asset score – in Phoenix, Arizona. The deficit score was designed and used as a tool for identifying environmental, energy, and health vulnerabilities while the asset score was used to identify possible relief from these neighbourhood deficits. The design and use of these scores were the result of a collaboration between a community group, Chispa Arizona, and re-Engineered, a research laboratory at Arizona State University. The neighbourhood deficit score (NDS) aggregates a number of phenomena inclusive of: environmental burdens (such as criteria air pollutants and incidence of asthma), socio-economic variables (that may exacerbate the impacts of environmental burdens), and energy poverty. In contrast, the neighbourhood asset score (NAS) assembles a range of community assets (like churches, schools, parks, and grocery stores) which residents might leverage to ameliorate intersectional deficits. We geospatially and statistically examine the NDS, NAS, and demographic data at the census tract level. We find that census tracts with higher proportions of poverty and minority populations are significantly correlated with a higher NDS, and that higher NAS values are more centrally located and offset from the high NDS areas. We believe the NDS and NAS provide a heuristic and useful tool for identifying community vulnerabilities and issues of environmental justice.

摘要

本文描述了在亚利桑那州凤凰城的两个累积影响评分的发展和应用——邻里赤字和资产评分。赤字分数被设计并用作识别环境、能源和健康脆弱性的工具，而资产分数则被用来识别这些邻里赤字的可能缓解。这些分数的设计和使用是社区团体 Chispa Arizona 和 re-Engineered 亚利桑那州立大学研究实验室合作的结果。邻里赤字评分 (NDS) 汇总了许多现象，包括：环境负担（例如空气污染物标准和哮喘发病率）、社会经济变量（可能会加剧环境负担的影响）和能源贫困。相比之下，邻里资产评分 (NAS) 汇集了一系列社区资产（如教堂、学校、公园和杂货店），居民可以利用这些资产来改善交叉路口的缺陷。我们在人口普查区域级别对 NDS、NAS 和人口统计数据进行地理空间和统计检查。我们发现，贫困人口和少数民族人口比例较高的普查区与较高的NDS显着相关，较高的NAS值位于较高的NDS区域中，并与较高的NDS区域相抵消。我们相信 NDS 和 NAS 为识别社区脆弱性和环境正义问题提供了启发式和有用的工具。我们在人口普查区域级别对 NDS、NAS 和人口统计数据进行地理空间和统计检查。我们发现，贫困和少数民族人口比例较高的人口普查区与较高的 NDS 显着相关，并且较高的 NAS 值更位于中心位置，并与高 NDS 区域偏移。我们相信 NDS 和 NAS 为识别社区脆弱性和环境正义问题提供了启发式和有用的工具。我们在人口普查区域级别对 NDS、NAS 和人口统计数据进行地理空间和统计检查。我们发现，贫困和少数民族人口比例较高的人口普查区与较高的 NDS 显着相关，并且较高的 NAS 值更位于中心位置，并与高 NDS 区域偏移。我们相信 NDS 和 NAS 为识别社区脆弱性和环境正义问题提供了启发式和有用的工具。