Education, general health, and reproductive health are key indicators of human development. Investments in these domains can also promote economic growth. This paper argues for human development–related investments based on (1) a theoretical economic growth model with poverty traps, (2) a literature review of evidence that different human development–related investments can promote growth, and (3) own empirical analyses of 1980–2015 data that aim to estimate the relative contribution of different human development indicators to economic growth across heterogeneous growth regimes. Our results suggest the following associations: (1) a one-child decrease in the total fertility rate corresponds to a 2 percentage point (pp) increase in annual per capita gross domestic product (GDP) growth in the short run (five years) and 0.5 pp higher annual growth in the mid-run to long run (35 years), (2) a 10 percent increase in life expectancy at birth corresponds to a 1 pp increase in annual per capita GDP growth in the short run and 0.4 pp higher growth in the mid-run to long run, and (3) a one-year increase in average educational attainment corresponds to a 0.7 pp increase in annual growth in the short run and 0.3 pp higher growth in the mid-run to long run. By contrast, infrastructure proxies are not significantly associated with subsequent growth in any of the models estimated.

中文翻译：

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通过人类发展刺激经济增长：研究结果和决策者指南

教育、一般健康和生殖健康是人类发展的关键指标。在这些领域的投资也可以促进经济增长。本文基于 (1) 具有贫困陷阱的理论经济增长模型，(2) 对不同的人类发展相关投资可以促进增长的证据的文献回顾，以及 (3) 自己的实证分析来论证与人类发展相关的投资1980-2015 年数据，旨在估计不同人类发展指标对不同增长体制下的经济增长的相对贡献。我们的结果表明存在以下关联：(1) 总和生育率的下降对应于短期（五年）人均国内生产总值 (GDP) 年增长率 2 个百分点 (pp) 和0. 中长期（35 岁）年增长率提高 5 个百分点，(2) 出生时预期寿命增加 10% 对应于短期人均 GDP 年增长率增加 1 个百分点，增加 0.4 个百分点中长期增长，以及 (3) 平均受教育程度每增加 1 年，短期内年增长率增加 0.7 个百分点，中长期增长 0.3 个百分点。相比之下，基础设施代理与任何估计模型的后续增长没有显着关联。(3) 平均受教育程度每增加 1 年，短期内年增长率提高 0.7 个百分点，中长期增长 0.3 个百分点。相比之下，基础设施代理与任何估计模型的后续增长没有显着关联。(3) 平均受教育程度每增加 1 年，短期内年增长率提高 0.7 个百分点，中长期增长 0.3 个百分点。相比之下，基础设施代理与任何估计模型的后续增长没有显着关联。