Abstract

Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts the axonal pathways and abruptly affects sensory, motor, and autonomic functions below the injury. Physical disabilities in injured persons linked with the type, severity, the level of the spinal cord at which injury occurs, and the axonal pathways that damaged due to injury. SCI initiates the cascade of secondary damage to neuronal and non-neuronal cells and causing the degeneration of the axonal pathways, which ultimately leads to functional deficits. A variety of therapeutic strategies and training paradigm alone or in combination, have been used to promote regeneration in the experimental model of SCI. These regenerative strategies categorized into three categories. The first category of regenerative strategies consists of molecules that are used to block or neutralize the growth inhibitory molecule, such as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) Nogo, Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), and oligodendrocytes myelin glycoprotein (OMgp). The second category of regenerative strategies focusses on the application of various growth factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) to promote axonal regeneration. And the third category of regenerative strategies focusses on transplantation of various types of cells such as Schwann cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (IPS), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs). This review provides an overview of current researches to enhance the growth of severed axonal pathways, which ultimately help to develop an effective therapy to restore sensory and motor function following SCI.

中文翻译：

---

促进实验性脊髓损伤模型再生的治疗策略

摘要

脊髓损伤（SCI）破坏了轴突通路，并在损伤下方突然影响感觉，运动和自主神经功能。受伤人员的身体残疾与受伤的类型，严重程度，脊髓的水平以及因损伤而受损的轴突途径有关。SCI引发对神经元和非神经元细胞的继发性损伤级联反应，并导致轴突途径的变性，最终导致功能缺陷。单独或组合使用多种治疗策略和训练范式可促进SCI实验模型中的再生。这些再生策略分为三类。第一类再生策略由用于阻止或中和生长抑制分子的分子组成，例如硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖（CSPG）Nogo，髓磷脂相关糖蛋白（MAG）和少突胶质细胞髓磷脂糖蛋白（OMgp）。第二类再生策略集中于各种生长因子的应用，例如脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF），神经生长因子（NGF），神经营养蛋白3（NT-3）来促进轴突再生。第三类再生策略着重于移植各种类型的细胞，例如雪旺氏细胞，诱导性多能干细胞（IPS），胚胎干细胞（ESC）和嗅鞘细胞（OEC）。这篇综述概述了当前研究的目的，以增强切断的轴突通路的生长，这最终有助于开发出一种有效的疗法，以恢复SCI后的感觉和运动功能。