Abstract

This study aims at controlling excess nutrients, including nitrogen and phosphorus, and harmful algae that pollute the marine environment using biosynthesized iron oxide nanoparticles. Aqueous extracts of brown seaweeds named Petalonia fascia, Colpomenia sinuosa, and Padina pavonica were selected for iron oxide nanoparticles' biosynthesis. The extracts were used as reductants of ferric chloride, and dark brown colors due to Fe₃O₄-NPs biosynthesis were observed. Iron signals were recorded in EDX spectra. FTIR analyses showed that the three algae extracts contained proteins and lipids that have the ability to proceed dual functions of bioreduction and stabilization of Fe₃O₄-NPs, suggesting that proteins in P. fascia, C. sinuosa, and P. pavonica extracts reduced FeCl₃, and the aromatic compounds stabilized the biogenic Fe₃O₄-NPs. The biosynthesized Fe₃O₄-NPs via P. pavonica had the best nitrogen reduction percentage, followed by C. sinuosa and P. fascia for both concentrations 2 and 4 µg mL⁻¹. The best results of phosphorus removal and Chlorophyll a (Chl a) reduction percentages using the Fe₃O₄-NPs concentrations were 2 and 4 µg mL⁻¹ with nanoparticles synthesized via P. fascia and P. pavonica, respectively. The highest reduction in optical density for both 2 and 4 µg mL⁻¹ was achieved by the nanoparticles synthesized by P. fascia.

Novelty Statement

Application of nanoparticles using seaweeds extracts could be alternative safe bioremediation of wastewaters. Currently, iron oxide nanoparticles are used to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus and reduce the blooming of harmful algae; little information about this issue has been reported. Such study also presented the anti-algal impacts of Fe₃O₄-NPs by tracing optical density and Chl a concentrations in the examined real seawater samples. Modern biotechnology to develop phytoremediation and seaweeds to enhance these remediation methods can be adopted.

 抽象的

这项研究旨在利用生物合成的氧化铁纳米粒子来控制过量的营养物质，包括氮和磷，以及污染海洋环境的有害藻类。选择名为Petalonia fascia 、 Colpomenia sinuosa和Padina pavonica的棕色海藻的水提取物用于氧化铁纳米粒子的生物合成。将提取物用作氯化铁的还原剂，观察到由于Fe ₃ O ₄ -NPs生物合成而产生的深棕色。铁信号记录在 EDX 光谱中。 FTIR 分析表明，三种藻类提取物中含有的蛋白质和脂质具有生物还原和稳定 Fe ₃ O ₄ -NPs 的双重功能，表明筋膜藻、 C. sinuosa和P. pavonica提取物中的蛋白质减少了。 FeCl ₃和芳香族化合物稳定了生物源Fe ₃ O ₄ -NP。通过P. pavonica生物合成的Fe ₃ O ₄ -NPs具有最好的氮还原百分比，其次是C. sinuosa和P. fascia ，浓度为2和4 µg mL ^-1 。使用通过P. fascia和P. pavonica 合成的纳米颗粒，使用Fe ₃ O ₄ -NPs 浓度分别为2 和4 µg mL ^-1的除磷和叶绿素a (Chl a ) 减少百分比的最佳结果。 P. fascia合成的纳米颗粒实现了 2 µg mL -1 和 4 µg mL ^-1光密度的最高降低。

 新颖性声明

使用海藻提取物应用纳米颗粒可以成为废水安全生物修复的替代方案。目前，氧化铁纳米粒子用于减少氮和磷，减少有害藻类的繁殖；关于这个问题的报道很少。该研究还通过追踪所检查的真实海水样品中的光密度和叶绿素a浓度，展示了Fe ₃ O ₄ -NPs的抗藻作用。可以采用现代生物技术来开发植物修复和海藻来增强这些修复方法。