ABSTRACT

Introduction: At birth, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is colonized by a complex community of microorganisms, forming the basis of the gut microbiome. The gut microbiome plays a fundamental role in host health, disorders of which can lead to an array of GI diseases, both short and long term. Pediatric GI diseases are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality, but many remain poorly understood. Recent advancements in high-throughput technologies have enabled deeper profiling of GI morbidities. Technologies, such as metagenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, have already been used to identify associations with specific pathologies, and highlight an exciting area of research. However, since these diseases are often complex and multifactorial by nature, reliance on a single experimental approach may not capture the true biological complexity. Therefore, multi-omics aims to integrate singular omic data to further enhance our understanding of disease.

Areas covered: This review will discuss and provide an overview of the main omic technologies that are used to study complex GI pathologies in early life.

Expert opinion: Multi-omic technologies can help to unravel the complexities of several diseases during early life, aiding in biomarker discovery and enabling the development of novel therapeutics and augment predictive models.

摘要

介绍：出生时，胃肠道（GI）被复杂的微生物群落定殖，形成肠道微生物群的基础。肠道微生物组在宿主健康中发挥着重要作用，其失调会导致一系列短期和长期的胃肠道疾病。小儿胃肠道疾病是造成显着发病率和死亡率的原因，但许多疾病仍然知之甚少。高通量技术的最新进展使我们能够更深入地分析 GI 发病率。宏基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学等技术已被用于识别与特定病理的关联，并突出了一个令人兴奋的研究领域。然而，由于这些疾病本质上往往是复杂的和多因素的，依赖单一的实验方法可能无法捕捉到真正的生物学复杂性。因此，多组学旨在整合单一的组学数据，以进一步增强我们对疾病的理解。

涵盖的领域：本综述将讨论并概述用于研究早期复杂 GI 病理的主要组学技术。

专家意见：多组学技术可以帮助解开生命早期几种疾病的复杂性，帮助发现生物标志物，开发新的治疗方法和增强预测模型。