ABSTRACT

Background

Children exposed to cumulative risk (CR) are more likely to have poor physical and psychological health across the lifespan. CR may contribute to children’s adjustment, in part through its effects on appraisal and coping. Further, child temperament may alter the effects of CR on appraisal and coping.

Objective

This study investigated the interactive and prospective effects of CR and temperament on children’s appraisal and coping strategies.

Design and Method

In this secondary data analysis using a community sample (N=306) of preadolescents (M age = 9.5 at T1), structural equations models were conducted to examine temperament negative emotionality (NE) and effortful control (EC) as moderators of the effect of CR on both levels and proportional use of positive and threat appraisals, and active and avoidant coping.

Results

Children higher in NE used more threat appraisal and avoidant coping, whereas children higher in EC used less threat appraisal concurrently and decreased in their use of threat appraisal across 1 year. Both NE and EC altered the prospective effect of CR on appraisal and coping.

Conclusions

Findings suggest temperament alters the effect of CR on appraisal and coping, implicating EC as a resource and NE as a vulnerability in changes in appraisal and coping during preadolescence.

中文翻译：

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气质作为累积风险与青春期前评估和应对方式关联的调节器

摘要

背景

暴露于累积风险 (CR) 的儿童更有可能在整个生命周期内身体和心理健康状况不佳。CR 可能有助于儿童的适应，部分是通过其对评估和应对的影响。此外，儿童气质可能会改变 CR 对评估和应对的影响。

客观的

本研究调查了CR和气质对儿童评价和应对策略的交互和前瞻性影响。

设计与方法

在使用青春期前社区样本（N = 306）（T1 时年龄 = 9.5）的二次数据分析中，进行了结构方程模型来检查气质负面情绪 (NE) 和努力控制 (EC) 作为影响的调节因素CR 在两个层面和比例使用积极和威胁评估，以及积极和回避的应对。

结果

NE 较高的儿童使用更多的威胁评估和回避应对，而 EC 较高的儿童同时使用较少的威胁评估，并且在 1 年内减少了威胁评估的使用。NE 和 EC 都改变了 CR 对评估和应对的预期效果。

结论

研究结果表明，气质会改变 CR 对评估和应对的影响，将 EC 作为一种资源，将 NE 作为评估和应对变化的脆弱性在青春期前。