Understanding the relationship of fruit-setting rate (FSR) with species type, flower color, and stamen petaloidy (tepal number) of the parents in the crossing and selfing of lotus (Nelumbo) can improve breeding efficiency. In this study, 193 artificial crosses with 1.932 flowers and selfing (artificial and non-interference selfing) with 1.120 flowers were carried out in 218 lotus accessions. There were no differences in the cross FSR between Asian lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) and American lotus (N. lutea), but both of their cross FSRs were significantly higher than that (7.9 %) of Asian-American hybrids. The selfing FSRs were highest in American lotus, followed by Asian lotus and Asian-American hybrids. Regardless of whether they were used as the female or male parents in crosses, lotus accessions with pink tepals had higher FSRs than those with white tepals. While the yellow-flowered American lotus obtained the highest FSRs among all flower colors in both of selfing. As the tepal number increased, the FSRs of cross and artificial selfing did not continuously decrease. Cultivars with 91–120 tepals had the highest cross FSR in the double-tepalled lotus, regardless of whether they were used as the male or female parents. Therefore, the cross and selfing FSRs of lotus were associated with parent species type, flower color, and stamen petaloidy. Generally, the results of this study provide useful insights into parent selection, cross design, and sample sizes for reducing costs and improving efficiency in lotus breeding.

了解结实率（FSR）与亲本在莲花（Nelumbo）交配和自交过程中的亲本的种型，花色和雄蕊花瓣状（花序数）之间的关系可以提高育种效率。在这项研究中，在218个荷花品种中进行了193个带有1.932朵花的人工杂交和自花（人工和非干扰自交），带有1.120朵花。亚洲莲（Nelumbo nucifera）和美国莲（N. lutea）的杂交FSR没有差异。），但它们的交叉FSR均显着高于亚裔美国人杂交种（7.9％）。自交FSR在美洲莲花中最高，其次是亚洲莲花和亚裔美国人杂种。不论将其用作杂交的雌性或雄性亲本，粉红色花被的莲花种的FSR均高于白色花被的种。黄色花朵的美国莲花在两种自交中在所有花朵颜色中获得最高的FSR。随着花果树数量的增加，杂交和人工自交的FSR不会持续降低。具有91–120个花果的品种在双花的莲花中具有最高的交叉FSR，无论它们是用作雄性还是雌性亲本。因此，莲花的杂交和自交FSRs与亲本种类类型，花色和雄蕊花瓣有关。