Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia in children characteristically has a milder clinical presentation, with milder inflammatory biomarkers and radiological findings. Accumulating evidence indicates a difference in chest computed tomography (CT) features and duration of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) shedding between children and adults. Here, we report a family case of COVID-19 pneumonia in which two brothers (age 14 years and 2 years) had different findings. On admission, the 2-year-old had few symptoms with no sign of pneumonia, whereas the older brother had presented with pneumonia on admission. Both were positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection on polymerase chain reaction. They both had obvious characteristic signs of COVID-19 pneumonia on chest CT. However, CT findings in the younger brother were non-specific and similar to other pneumonias. The older brother required longer treatment because of a longer shedding period of SARS-CoV-2 detected in nasopharyngeal samples. Both boys were discharged without complications. This family case suggests that the clinical features of COVID-19 pneumonia might differ between younger and older children.

儿童冠状病毒病 2019 (COVID-19) 肺炎的特征是临床表现较轻，炎症生物标志物和放射学检查结果较轻。越来越多的证据表明，儿童和成人之间的胸部计算机断层扫描 (CT) 特征和严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 脱落的持续时间存在差异。在这里，我们报告了一个 COVID-19 肺炎家庭病例，其中两个兄弟（14 岁和 2 岁）有不同的发现。入院时，2 岁的孩子几乎没有症状，没有肺炎的迹象，而哥哥在入院时出现了肺炎。两者的聚合酶链反应都呈 SARS-CoV-2 感染阳性。他们都在胸部 CT 上有明显的 COVID-19 肺炎特征性体征。然而，弟弟的 CT 表现是非特异性的，与其他肺炎相似。由于在鼻咽样本中检测到 SARS-CoV-2 的脱落期更长，因此哥哥需要更长的治疗时间。两个男孩都出院了，没有出现并发症。这个家庭病例表明，COVID-19 肺炎的临床特征可能在年龄较小的儿童和较大的儿童之间有所不同。