In Japan, the practice of the no-lift policy, which states that care recipients should be lifted with care equipment rather than by human power, has been increasing since around 2014. The purpose of this study was to examine whether severe low back pain (LBP) risk factors in caregivers changed between 2014 and 2018. A questionnaire survey targeting administrators and caregivers working in care facilities for the elderly was conducted in 2014 and 2018. A total of 612 facilities and 2,712 caregivers responded to the questionnaires in 2014, and 504 facilities and 3,478 caregivers completed the questionnaires in 2018. The percentage of caregivers who experienced severe LBP did not differ significantly between 2014 (37.3%) and 2018 (38.3%). However, the number of facilities that introduced care equipment for transfer increased in 2018. Moreover, the number of participants who received training on care methods and using care equipment increased. Lifting a facility resident using human power and taking an unsuitable posture were associated with severe LBP in 2014, but only taking an unsuitable posture was associated with severe LBP in 2018. As taking an unsuitable posture remains to be a primary risk factor for severe LBP, it needs to be addressed in care facilities.

在日本，自 2014 年左右以来，禁止抬高政策的实践一直在增加，该政策规定应使用护理设备而不是人力来抬高被护理者。 本研究的目的是检查是否存在严重的腰痛（ LBP) 护理人员的风险因素在 2014 年和 2018 年之间发生了变化。2014 年和 2018 年针对老年人护理机构的管理人员和护理人员进行了问卷调查。2014 年共有 612 家设施和 2,712 名护理人员回答了问卷，504 2018 年，共有 3,478 名护理人员完成了问卷调查。 2014 年（37.3%）和 2018 年（38.3%）之间，出现严重 LBP 的护理人员比例没有显着差异。然而，2018 年引进护理设备进行转运的设施数量有所增加。接受护理方法和护理设备使用培训的人数有所增加。2014 年，使用人力提升设施居民和采取不合适的姿势与严重 LBP 相关，但只有采取不合适的姿势与 2018 年的严重 LBP 相关。由于采取不合适的姿势仍然是严重 LBP 的主要危险因素，它需要在护理设施中解决。