Green and sustainable developments have received increasing attention in recent years due to challenges emanating from climate change and worsening environmental conditions. Although these are problems of global nature, actions have to be taken often at lower spatial scales. We focus on innovation and industrial policies and on the regional level since green development often can be supported here by respective policies. However, effective policies have to consider that individual regions face different kinds of challenges for moving towards a ‘greener’ future. This article develops a framework that allows taking such differences into account. We distinguish between the production side of ‘green technologies’ (i.e. the industries that develop and produce such technologies) and the application side (i.e. the adoption of such technologies by firms and the wider society), and we investigate what challenges might prevail on both sides and explore the potential role of policies for different types of regions.

中文翻译：

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绿色区域发展的政策选择：采用生产和应用的观点

由于气候变化和环境条件恶化带来的挑战，近年来绿色和可持续发展受到越来越多的关注。尽管这些是全球性的问题，但必须经常在较低的空间尺度上采取行动。我们关注创新和产业政策以及区域一级，因为绿色发展通常可以通过相应的政策得到支持。但是，有效的政策必须考虑到各个地区在走向“绿色”未来方面面临着各种挑战。本文开发了一个框架，可以考虑这些差异。我们区分“绿色技术”的生产方（即开发和生产此类技术的行业）和应用程序方（即