River sediments have great impact on water and aquatic life quality. Geochemical and mineralogical composition of River Nile sediments (13 samples) were investigated to differentiate between geogenic and anthropogenic sources of harmful elements at Assiut Governorate, Egypt. The Sediment Quality Index (SQI) and pollution indices were applied. Mineralogically, sediments composed mainly of Quartz (72.3%) followed by Na-albite, anorthite and montmorillonite. Chemical composition is governed by SiO₂ (62.57%) supporting mineralogical composition. Geochemical interrelation indicated the anthropogenic source of As, Cd, and Co as well as the mixed source (geogenic and anthropogenic) of Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn. Pollution indices showed the minor enrichment of sediments with Cd, Zn, and Cr, moderate pollution with Ni and moderate to severe pollution with Co. Based on SQI, the sediments generally were of good quality with only emerged harmful impact of Cr. Finally, the Nile Sediments quality must be monitored regularly to emphasize the protection of the Nile's environment.

河流沉积物对水和水生生活质量有很大影响。对尼罗河沉积物的地球化学和矿物学组成（13个样品）进行了研究，以区分埃及Assiut省的有害元素的地球源和人为源。应用了沉积物质量指数（SQI）和污染指数。矿物学上，沉积物主要由石英（72.3％）组成，其次是钠-钠，钙长石和蒙脱石。化学成分由SiO _2决定（62.57％）支持矿物组成。地球化学的相互关系表明，As，Cd和Co的人为来源，以及Cr，Cu，Ni和Zn的混合来源（地质和人为来源）。污染指数显示，沉积物中Cd，Zn和Cr的富集程度较小，Ni中度污染，Co中度至重度污染。基于SQI，沉积物通常质量良好，仅出现了Cr的有害影响。最后，必须定期监测尼罗河沉积物的质量，以强调对尼罗河环境的保护。