This article discusses the current state of the law concerning the liability of private entities for damages caused with respect to space activities. A significant and continuous increase in the involvement of private companies in space activities risks damages being caused to other entities as multilateral treaties of international law, adopted between 1967 and 1979, are outdated and do not correspond well with contemporary reality. They do not comprehensively regulate the responsibility in relations between states and, even more so, with private entities. In general, these treaties regulate damages caused by private entities by giving responsibility to states, which seems unfounded in today's world.

States can also conclude bilateral treaties on space projects that involve private entities. Usually, such agreements contain a standard third-party liability clause concerning the Liability Convention or mention of the possibility of commencing consultations on the apportionment of the liability between states as the parties to these treaties. These have no specific norms dedicated to the liability of private launchers toward potential victims of the damage caused by space objects or another harm related to space activities of such companies. Some bilateral treaties on the joint space projects of states also contain cross-waiver liability clauses, which release private companies from liability. Furthermore, there is a tendency in the domestic law of limiting the liability of private entities for space activities (e.g., in the United States, even state regulations require the exclusion of the liability of space launch operators for damages caused to third parties).

本文讨论了有关私人实体对太空活动造成的损害赔偿责任的法律现状。私营公司参与空间活动的持续大量增加有可能给其他实体造成损害，因为1967年至1979年间通过的多边国际法条约已经过时，并且与当代现实不符。他们没有全面规范国家间关系的责任，甚至没有与私人实体之间的关系。通常，这些条约通过赋予国家责任来规范私人实体造成的损害，这在当今世界似乎是没有根据的。

各国还可以缔结涉及私人实体的空间项目双边条约。通常，此类协议包含有关《责任公约》的标准第三方责任条款，或提及有可能就这些条约的当事国之间的责任分配进行磋商。这些没有专门的规范专门针对私人发射器对由空间物体造成的损害或与此类公司的空间活动有关的另一种损害的潜在受害者承担的责任。一些关于国家联合空间项目的双边条约还包含交叉豁免责任条款，这些条款使私营公司免于承担责任。此外，国内法中有一种趋势是限制私人实体对太空活动的责任（例如，在美国，