Pyrethroids have been widely used as an active ingredient in home insecticide products since the 1960 s. Although their occurrence in indoor environments has been studied, the contribution of home insecticide application to the aggregate exposure to pyrethroids is not well known. The objective of this study was to estimate the consumer exposure to permethrin, a representative pyrethroid, via the use of home insecticide spray during the summer season using biomonitoring and personal exposure modeling. Exposure to permethrin was assessed by analyzing its urinary metabolites, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) and cis/trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropan carboxylic acid (cis/trans-DCCA), for a group of consumers (n = 27). The levels of metabolites were also compared with those predicted by a screening exposure model considering personal exposure parameters. The levels of metabolites in 15 participants increased significantly (p < 0.05) with the application of home insecticide products, thereby suggesting that the heavy use of home insecticides during summer could be an important exposure route of permethrin in addition to other sources, such as food consumption. The total amount of excreted 3-PBA and cis/trans-DCCA was lower than the amount estimated by the exposure model for most participants by a factor of 0.9–861.0. These differences could be attributed to the rapid loss of permethrin after application, including sorption to indoor surfaces, reaction with indoor substances, individual biological variations, and ventilation during application. However, the screening exposure model used for the initial safety assessment of biocidal products generally performed well because it did not underestimate the personal exposure to permethrin during the application of home insecticide spray.

自 1960 年代以来，拟除虫菊酯已被广泛用作家用杀虫剂产品中的活性成分。尽管已经研究了它们在室内环境中的发生，但家庭杀虫剂的使用对拟除虫菊酯的总体暴露的贡献尚不清楚。本研究的目的是使用生物监测和个人暴露模型，通过在夏季使用家庭杀虫剂喷雾来估计消费者对氯菊酯（一种代表性的拟除虫菊酯）的暴露。通过分析其尿液代谢物、3-苯氧基苯甲酸 (3-PBA)和顺/反-3-(2,2-二氯乙烯基)-2,2-二甲基环丙甲酸 (顺/反-DCCA)来评估氯菊酯的暴露情况，对于一组消费者（n  = 27）。代谢物的水平也与考虑个人暴露参数的筛查暴露模型预测的水平进行了比较。 随着家用杀虫剂产品的应用，15 名参与者的代谢物水平显着增加（p < 0.05），从而表明夏季大量使用家用杀虫剂可能是除其他来源（如食物）外氯菊酯的重要暴露途径消耗。排泄的3-PBA和顺式/反式的总量-DCCA 比大多数参与者的暴露模型估计的量低 0.9-861.0 倍。这些差异可归因于施用后氯菊酯的快速损失，包括对室内表面的吸附、与室内物质的反应、个体生物变异以及施用期间的通风。然而，用于杀生物产品初始安全性评估的筛选暴露模型通常表现良好，因为它没有低估在家庭杀虫剂喷洒过程中个人对氯菊酯的暴露。