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Thermographic reconstruction of heat load on the first wall of Wendelstein 7-X due to ECRH shine-through power
Nuclear Fusion ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-23 , DOI: 10.1088/1741-4326/abebea
Y. Corre 1 , J. Gaspar 2 , S. Marsen 3 , D. Moseev 3 , T. Stange 3 , J. Boscary 4 , P. Drewelow 3 , Y. Gao 3 , M. Jakubowski 3 , J. Hillairet 1 , H.P. Laqua 3 , C. Lechte 5 , V. Moncada 1 , H. Niemann 3 , M. Preynas 6 , A. Puig Sitjes 3 , W7-X Team
Affiliation  

Electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) is a powerful and flexible plasma heating technique that serves as the main heater at Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) and will be used at ITER for start-up, heating, current drive and mitigation of plasma instabilities. In the case of poor or degraded microwave absorption, which is expected in the O2-mode heating scenario, a significant part of the beam directly hits the wall, leading to local overheating and potential damage. The ECRH shine-through power is mostly reflected onto the targets; only a small fraction is really absorbed through ohmic losses (typically 3% for graphite at 140GHz). The ohmic losses do not only depend on the material properties and the frequency, but also on the polarization of the wave and the angle of incidence. This paper presents a thermographic analysis of ECRH experiments at W7-X, including heat load and temperature simulations of the first wall that include ECRH shine through. Two O-mode ECRH experiments with both a high temperature rise of the first wall and different angles of beam incidence on the wall’s surface are depicted. One experiment has 775 kW of power modulation (5Hz) with mixed polarization (45% O-mode, 55% X-mode) and an EC beam angle almost normal to the first wall. The second has 550 kW of steady EC power with O-mode polarization, a shallow beam angle and increased power absorption by the material. It is shown that infrared thermography is a useful tool for measuring shine-through power and protecting wall components.



中文翻译:

由于 ECRH 透光功率对 Wendelstein 7-X 第一壁热负荷的热成像重建

电子回旋共振加热 (ECRH) 是一种强大且灵活的等离子体加热技术,可作为 Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) 的主加热器,并将在 ITER 用于启动、加热、电流驱动和缓解等离子体不稳定。在 O2 模式加热场景中预期的微波吸收不良或退化的情况下,很大一部分光束直接撞击墙壁,导致局部过热和潜在损坏。ECRH 的穿透力主要反映在目标上;只有一小部分真正被欧姆损耗吸收(对于 140GHz 的石墨,通常为 3%)。欧姆损耗不仅取决于材料特性和频率,还取决于波的极化和入射角。本文介绍了 W7-X 的 ECRH 实验的热成像分析,包括包含 ECRH 的第一面墙的热负荷和温度模拟。描述了两个 O 模式 ECRH 实验,其中第一壁的温升很高,并且壁表面上的光束入射角不同。一个实验具有 775 kW 的功率调制 (5Hz),具有混合偏振(45% O 模式,55% X 模式)和几乎垂直于第一壁的 EC 光束角。第二个具有 550 kW 的稳定 EC 功率,具有 O 模式偏振、较浅的光束角和增加的材料吸收功率。结果表明,红外热成像是测量透光功率和保护墙壁组件的有用工具。描述了两个 O 模式 ECRH 实验,其中第一壁的温升很高,并且壁表面上的光束入射角不同。一个实验具有 775 kW 的功率调制 (5Hz),具有混合偏振(45% O 模式,55% X 模式)和几乎垂直于第一壁的 EC 光束角。第二个具有 550 kW 的稳定 EC 功率,具有 O 模式偏振、较浅的光束角和增加的材料吸收功率。结果表明,红外热成像是测量透光功率和保护墙壁组件的有用工具。描述了两个 O 模式 ECRH 实验,其中第一壁的温升很高,并且壁表面上的光束入射角不同。一个实验具有 775 kW 的功率调制 (5Hz),具有混合偏振(45% O 模式,55% X 模式)和几乎垂直于第一壁的 EC 光束角。第二个具有 550 kW 的稳定 EC 功率,具有 O 模式偏振、较浅的光束角和增加的材料吸收功率。结果表明,红外热成像是测量透光功率和保护墙壁组件的有用工具。较小的光束角和材料的功率吸收增加。结果表明,红外热成像是测量透光功率和保护墙壁组件的有用工具。较小的光束角和材料的功率吸收增加。结果表明,红外热成像是测量透光功率和保护墙壁组件的有用工具。

更新日期:2021-04-23
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