Long-distance migrants and residents may respond to large-scale climate change by advancing egg laying dates. It is expected that variation in changes in avian laying dates among similar species affects their interactions in an ecological community. By analyzing long-term trends of the mean laying dates (MLD) of pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca, collared flycatcher Ficedula albicollis, and great tits Parus major across 25 study sites in Europe from five published studies, the paper uses two-tailed t tests to show that variable adjustments in laying dates in different species have different implications on their interactions across Europe. It is found that pied flycatcher advanced laying dates significantly faster compared to great tits in Central Europe, gaining advantage in their competition for nest holes. Additionally, the study shows that pied flycatcher and collared flycatcher potentially share smaller overlap in laying dates in their sympatric breeding ground in Northern Europe, which may decrease the occurrences of hybridization, whereas the trend reverses in Central Europe. The results highlight that geographical variations in phenological responses to climate change have complicated effects on interspecific interaction, a novel research field that lacks empirical results. The conclusions of this study provide potential directions for empirical studies of climate change in the future.

长途移民和居民可能会通过提前产卵日期来应对大规模的气候变化。预计相似物种之间鸟类产卵日期变化的变化会影响它们在生态群落中的相互作用。通过分析欧洲 25 个研究地点的五项已发表研究的花斑捕蝇器Ficedula hypoleuca、有领捕蝇器Ficedula albicollis和大山雀Parus major的平均产蛋期 (MLD) 的长期趋势，该论文使用双尾t测试表明，不同物种产卵日期的可变调整对它们在欧洲的相互作用有不同的影响。研究发现，与中欧的大山雀相比，花斑捕蝇器提前产卵的时间要快得多，从而在它们的巢穴竞争中获得优势。此外，该研究表明，在北欧的同域繁殖地，花斑捕蝇器和有领捕蝇器可能在产蛋日期上具有较小的重叠，这可能会减少杂交的发生，而在中欧则趋势逆转。结果强调，气候变化物候反应的地理差异对种间相互作用具有复杂的影响，这是一个缺乏实证结果的新研究领域。