Various methods exist for calculating the subgrade settlements of foundations built on soil subgrade without defects and damages. The physical and mechanical characteristics of such soil subgrade are usually determined using the results of engineering and geological surveys and other methods that characterize their in-situ conditions before construction. It is usually assumed that these characteristics are constant throughout their life cycle regardless whether they get later disturbed by buildings and/or structures. In fact, the mechanical characteristics of the soils of the subgrade vary and are subject of continuous changes due to various factors. Therefore, the use of existing calculation methods often lead to inadequate estimates of settlements of subgrade and foundations of buildings and structures. Assessment of vertical deformations of soil subgrade in the zone of influence of deep pits usually falls in this category. The method for calculating the settlement of bases and foundations of buildings was developed taking into account the formation and development of defects and damages in the soil structure in the zone of influence of a deep pit. It is based on a method of layer-by-layer summation, taking into account the spatial stress state of the soil mass and changes in the mechanical state of the soil due to surcharge conditions.

有多种方法可以计算在没有缺陷和损坏的土壤路基上建造的地基的路基沉降。此类土质路基的物理力学特性通常采用工程和地质调查的结果以及在施工前表征其现场条件的其他方法来确定。通常假设这些特征在其整个生命周期中是恒定的，无论它们后来是否受到建筑物和/或结构的干扰。事实上，路基土的力学特性因各种因素而不断变化。因此，使用现有的计算方法往往会导致对建筑物和构筑物的路基和基础沉降估计不充分。深坑影响区土壤路基竖向变形评价通常属于这一类。考虑到深坑影响区土壤结构中缺陷和破坏的形成和发展，开发了计算建筑物基础和基础沉降的方法。它基于逐层求和的方法，同时考虑了土体的空间应力状态和由于超载条件引起的土体力学状态的变化。