Objective: To conduct a literature review and knowledge synthesis of medical support in cave rescue and confined space medicine (CSM), thereby, extrapolating the knowledge gained from cave rescue and CSM to consequence management in Urban Underground Space (UUS) development. Methodology: A review of current medical literature was conducted. Data sources: Search engines utilized include PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, Science Direct and Google Scholar. Results and Recommendations: The synthesized knowledge based on available literature was extrapolated to application during consequence management in UUS development. Conclusion: As underground urbanization progresses to create sustainable habitats for the world’s increasing population, city planners need to consider the need for consequence management in UUS. The knowledge and experience gleaned a posteriori from cave rescue and CSM should be utilised to optimize the planning of emergency response in an urban underground environment.

目的：对洞穴救援和密闭空间医学（CSM）中的医疗支持进行文献回顾和知识综合，从而将从洞穴救援和CSM中获得的知识外推到城市地下空间（UUS）开发的后果管理中。方法：对当前的医学文献进行了回顾。数据来源：使用的搜索引擎包括 PubMed、Medline、Cochrane Library、Science Direct 和 Google Scholar。结果和建议：基于现有文献的综合知识被外推到 UUS 开发中的后果管理期间的应用。结论：随着地下城市化的发展，为世界上不断增长的人口创造可持续的栖息地，城市规划者需要考虑在 UUS 中进行后果管理的必要性。应利用从洞穴救援和 CSM 中获得的后验知识和经验来优化城市地下环境中的应急响应计划。