Ventilation is the basis of controlling thermal comfort and air quality in underground spaces. Natural ventilation based on spatial designs can introduce wind, light, and scenery to improve environmental health and spatial experience, and reduce health risks and energy consumption of mechanical ventilation. This paper proposes a spatial prototype that combines courtyard with wind tower, two common spatial forms connecting aboveground and underground, and can provide effective natural ventilation to underground public spaces. Computational fluid dynamics simulations and genetic optimization were conducted in the common architectural software Rhinoceros and Grasshopper. First, spatial defects are identified and optimized by analysing the simulation results. Then, geometric variables of the spatial form that obviously affect the ventilation performance were selected and automatically optimized with the target of air volume per hour. Finally, three key issues for natural ventilation of underground public spaces are discussed including human comfort, air distribution, and ventilation reliability. This paper explores the coupling between the spatial form and ventilation performance of underground public spaces, which not only alleviates the potential conflict between energy saving and environmental health, but also provides an integrated design pattern to create more open, flexible, natural and sustainable underground spaces.

通风是控制地下空间热舒适度和空气质量的基础。基于空间设计的自然通风可以引入风、光、景，改善环境健康和空间体验，降低机械通风的健康风险和能耗。本文提出了一种结合庭院和风塔的空间原型，这两种常见的连接地上和地下的空间形式，可以为地下公共空间提供有效的自然通风。计算流体动力学模拟和遗传优化在通用建筑软件Rhinoceros和Grasshopper中进行。首先，通过分析模拟结果来识别和优化空间缺陷。然后，选择对通风性能有明显影响的空间形态几何变量，以每小时风量为目标进行自动优化。最后，讨论了地下公共空间自然通风的三个关键问题，包括人体舒适度、空气分布和通风可靠性。本文探讨了地下公共空间的空间形态与通风性能之间的耦合，不仅缓解了节能与环境健康之间的潜在冲突，而且为创造更加开放、灵活、自然和可持续的地下空间提供了一体化的设计模式。 . 讨论了地下公共空间自然通风的三个关键问题，包括人体舒适度、空气分布和通风可靠性。本文探讨了地下公共空间的空间形态与通风性能之间的耦合，不仅缓解了节能与环境健康之间的潜在冲突，而且为创造更加开放、灵活、自然和可持续的地下空间提供了一体化的设计模式。 . 讨论了地下公共空间自然通风的三个关键问题，包括人体舒适度、空气分布和通风可靠性。本文探讨了地下公共空间的空间形态与通风性能之间的耦合，不仅缓解了节能与环境健康之间的潜在冲突，而且为创造更加开放、灵活、自然和可持续的地下空间提供了一体化的设计模式。 .