With more than 30 years of development, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is becoming an increasingly common diagnostic to measure ion and neutral velocity distribution functions in different fields of studies in plasma science including Hall thrusters, linear devices, plasma processing, and basic plasma physical processes. In this paper, technical methods used in the LIF diagnostic, including modulation, collection optics, and wavelength calibration techniques are reviewed in detail. A few basic physical processes along with applications and future development associated with the LIF diagnostics are also reviewed.

中文翻译：

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速度分布函数的激光诱导荧光诊断：应用、物理、方法和发展

经过 30 多年的发展，激光诱导荧光 (LIF) 正成为一种越来越常见的诊断方法，用于测量等离子体科学不同研究领域中的离子和中性速度分布函数，包括霍尔推进器、线性装置、等离子体处理和基本等离子体物理过程。本文详细回顾了 LIF 诊断中使用的技术方法，包括调制、收集光学和波长校准技术。还回顾了一些基本物理过程以及与 LIF 诊断相关的应用和未来发展。